职称英语理综类阅读判断资料答案附后(终审稿).pdf

职称英语理综类阅读判断资料答案附后 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129]  【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 2015职称英语理综类阅读判断试题 【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、版、三位一体多平台学习模式 第六篇 Privacy Worry May Keep HIV21 Patients from Therapy Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about2 the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care. Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina3, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality. “The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.” “Two types of breaches occurred, ”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.4” “The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, 5” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.” “The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out. “Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”  “However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added. 词汇： privacy /pravsi,prvsi/ n.隐私,秘密 breach /bri:t/ n.破坏,违反 therapy /'θerp/ n.疗法,治疗 consent /k?n'sent/ n.答应,允许 confidentiality /knfdenilti/ n.保密性 regulate /'reɡjlet/ vt.调整 注释： 1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人类免疫缺陷病毒 2.be concerned about:为……而担心（忧虑、烦恼） 3. North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州 4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是 HIV 阳性的病人。

本句中 who 至 the patient’s child 是 nurse 的定语从句,其中 that her patient was HIV-positive 又是 told 的宾语从句；out of concern (出于担心）是介词短语,作 told 的状语；而 that her child would play with the patient’s child 则是 concern 的同位语从句 5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类one 是代词,代替 type,作 the other type 的同位语，that 至 breaches 是 one 的定语从句，that 在定语从句中作 consider 的宾语，breaches 是宾语补足语而 provider 则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生 练习： 1.All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2.Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3.Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HTV-patients’ information to those of other institutions. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned  4.Whether an HIV-infected patient agrees to other (not his)medical workers’ sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5.Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6.Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7.Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 第一段第二句说,“实际上,有些病人如此担心以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄露”，这里指的只是 some,而不是 all,故本题是错误的。

2.B 第三段第一句说,“担心泄密必定影响 HIV 感染者所接受的治疗”，而本题却说它“与疗效无关”（have nothing to do with)，显然是错误的 3.A 第六段说,“法律允许同一单位的医生共同使用病人资料,其他单位的医生必须征得病人同意才能使用这些资料”，故本题是正确的  4.C 本题说“病人是否同意其他医生使用他们的 HIV 病情资料是宪法赋予的权利之一”，通篇文章只在第六段说必须征得病人同意,而根本没有提到宪法,应属于没有提到的 5.A 本题说“大多数病人强烈反对泄露他们的 HIV 病情”，这与第七段第二句所说的“他们还认为泄密的医生应该受到惩罚”是相一致的,故应是正确的 6.B 本题说“如果发生泄密,许多病人（注意:quite a few 是“相当多”的意思,不是 a few:几个）会坚决扞卫自己的权利”，这与第八段所说的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行动,因为这样会进一步暴露其病情”是不一致的,故应是错误的 7.C 本题说“泄密在世界各国的医务界都是常事”文章第三段虽然指出大部分调查对象都有类似经历或者认识有过类似经历的人,但并没有提及这种事是否在世界范围内常常发生。

译文：对泄漏隐私的担忧影响 HIV 患者接受治疗 HIV 患者经常担心自己的 HIV 阳性特征的保密性8 月份《艾滋护理》中的一篇报道说，实际上，一些患者如此担忧以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄漏 北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克大学的 Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein 博士及其同事们把本州乡下的 15 名 HIV 患者作为研究对象，研究他们的保密性问题研究对象被分成若干组，分别用于研究其在保密性这方面的态度、经历及违反情况 “害怕泄漏隐私势必影响 HIV 患者接受治疗，”Whetten-Goldstein 说道，“大多数病人经历过泄密，或知道有人被泄密过 “泄密者有两个类型，”Whetten-Goldstein 提到，“第一种泄密更为明显例子之一就是某人护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩，所以就告诉自己的孩子，这个病人是 HIV 阳性的病人 “第二种泄密更为隐秘，医生可能不认为是泄漏个人机密，”维顿高德斯坦解释说，“这种泄密涉及那些未经患者知晓便讨论其 HIV 情况的医生们 “法律允许同一单位的医生可以共同使用病人资料，其他单位的医生必须征得病人同一才能使用这些材料。

她指出 “研究表明，当医生与其他医生交流信息时，许多病人想让医生告诉他们且给出原因，”Whetten-Goldstein 说道：“他们还认为泄密的医生应受到惩罚 “但是由于病人常常不愿意采取法律行动，因为这样会进一步暴露其病情，他们感到这一系统本身需要做出调整她补充说 第七篇 Food and Cancer Medical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence1 that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences3 in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years. Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β–carotene, vitamin E and selenium5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels. Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China. 词汇： esophagus /'sfɡs/ n.食道 mixture /mkst(r)/ n.混合物；合成品；混合药 fungus /'fɡs/ n.菌类 carotene /krti:n/ n.胡萝卜素 mold /m?ld/n.霉；霉菌 selenium /sli:nim/ n.硒 注释：  1.the first evidence ：第一手证据 2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所 3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ：中国医学科学院癌症研究所 4.sugar pills ：糖丸 5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium: 一种叫做 β–胡萝卜素的维生素 A、维生素 E和矿物质硒的混合物 练习: 1.The results of the new study are unexpected. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2.Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3.The study lasted for about five years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4.The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned  5.Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6.All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7.The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与题解: 1.B 文章一开头便提到,医学专家们多年来一直怀疑,人们的饮食与癌症有着密切的联系。

这项新的研究恰恰证实了这一点故 B 为答案 2.C 文中说来自中美两家研究所的科学家们共同进行了此项研究,并没有提及具体人数故 C 为答案 3.A 文章第一段提到大多数实验对象连续 5 年每天服用了各种维生素及矿物质,由此可以得出答案故 A 为答案 4.C 文章第二段的开头说林县人胃癌及食道癌发病率极高,但并没有说在国内是最高的故 C 为答案 5A 文章第二段中提到,研究者们认为,此地食物中的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的一个原因故 A 为答案  6.B 文章第二段中提到,研究者们把实验对象分成 8 组,其中的 7 组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物,第 8 组服用毫无作用的糖丸故 B 为答案 7.B 文章最后一段提到,科学家们告诫人们,判断此结果对其他国家的人是否同样有效还为时过早故 B 为答案 译文：食物和癌症 医学专家们很多年来一直怀疑人们的饮食与癌症有着密切地联系他们说，一项新的研究提供了第一手证据证明维生素可以降低人患癌症的概率做这项研究的是一队中美科学家他们来自美国国家癌症研究所和北京的中国医学科学院癌症研究所《国家癌症研究所杂志》发布了这项研究结果。

大约 3万 40 岁到 69 岁之间的人参与了这项研究他们来自中国中北部的林县他们中大部分人连续五年每天服用维生素和矿物质 选中林县是因为那里的人们患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高研究者认为，当地食物的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的原因之一研究者把这些人分为 8 组其中 7 组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物这些维生素和矿物质的量比美国医学官员所说的必需量高一到两倍第 8 组服用没有任何效力的糖丸那些获取最多的人服用的是一种就做 β-胡萝卜素的维生素 A、维生素 E 和矿物质硒的混合物人们相信维生素和矿物质可以阻止致癌物质破坏细胞研究者报告，那些服用 β-胡萝卜素、维生素 E 和硒的人群中患癌率降低了 13%他们同样发现这个人群中脑溢血死亡率降低了 10%  科学家们警告说，现在还不知道这些效果在别的国家的人群中是否一样他们指出，林县人吃的食物缺少必要的维生素和矿物质中国官方将在今后许多年继续记录林县人的健康状况现在，官方声称在考虑使用这项研究成果，他们希望寻找到一条提高林县和中国其他小村镇人民健康的途径 第八篇 Stomach Ulcer Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears1. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach2，the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach3. This pain often is called heartburn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie. H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.  词汇： ulcer /'ls(r)/ n.溃疡 heartburn /'hɑ:tb: n/ n.胃灼热,烧心 tear /te( r)/ n.裂缝,破绽,裂口 antibiotic /ntibatk/ n. 抗生素 intestine /ntestn/ n. 肠 注释： 1. small cuts or tears :小割伤或撕伤 2. the tissue in the stomach：胃内组织 3. feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach：感到心窝或胃部有烧灼痛感 练习： 1.In the past, doctors couldn’t do anything about stomach ulcers.  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2.Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. There has been a change in doctors’ understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. Stomach ulcers can lead to stomach cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. People who eat a lot of spicy food are also susceptible to stomach ulcers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 文章一开头提到,过去,医生们虽然不能治愈胃溃疡,但却可以减轻胃溃疡造成的疼痛。

故 B 为答案  2.B 文章第一段中只说发现了一种能引起胃溃疡的病因,这有可能使医生们找到治愈此病的方法,但这只是一种可能性故 B 为答案 3.A 文章第一段中提到,全世界有 10%的人口迟早会得胃溃疡,故 A 为答案 4.C 文章头两段只是说医生们找到了一种引发胃溃疡的病因,但并没有提及发现这种病因的时间或者过程故 C 为答案 5.A 文章第二段中提到,过去医生们认为溃疡通常是由浓胃液损伤胃的组织引起的,但现在他们发现,大多数溃疡是由一种叫做伊利﹒克贝克特皮洛利或 H﹒皮洛利的细菌微生物引起的故 A 为答案 6.A 文章第二段的结尾部分提到,治愈胃溃疡将减少臂痛的发病率,由此可以推断胃溃疡会诱发胃癌故 A 为答案 7.C 文章最后一段只是说要避免胃溃疡应当不吸烟、不喝酒,并没有提到是否应当少吃或者不吃辛辣食物故 C 为答案 译文：胃溃疡 胃溃疡对很多人来说是导致胃剧痛的原因医生们早已能够帮助减轻胃溃疡导致的疼痛，但他们不能完全治愈病人现在医生们发现了一个导致胃溃疡的原因这就意味着他们可以找到治愈胃痛患者的途径研究表明，10%的人在一生中会患胃溃疡。

因此有可能的治愈方法对很多人而言是个好消息 溃疡是胃里近似于小割伤或撕伤的伤口这些伤口会破坏胃内组织和把食物送到胃或小肠的通道胃中的液体会加剧溃疡导致的疼痛一个人怎么能够知道自己是否患了胃溃疡呢？医生说大部分胃溃疡患者感到胸或胃部有灼热的痛感这种疼痛叫做胃灼热它通常出现在饭前或夜里它致使一些人失去食欲，或使他们无法使食物存在胃里医生们过去认为胃溃疡是由破坏胃组织特别强烈地胃液流动导致的现在他们发现大部分胃溃疡是由一种叫作伊利克·贝克特·皮洛利或 H.皮洛利的细菌微生物导致的H.皮洛利细菌使胃分泌多余的胃液医生们发现他们月用抗生素杀死这些细菌健康专家说发现治愈胃溃疡的疗法可以省掉几十亿美元医疗费用他们也确信治愈胃溃疡可以减少患胃癌的人数在日本、东南亚和非洲一些地区，患胃癌的人很多 医生说，如果一个人家庭中有胃溃疡患者，那么他就更有可能换胃溃疡实际上有胃溃疡家族史的人患此病的可能性比其他人高三倍人们又几种方法可以预防胃溃疡医生们说减少胃中的胃液更为重要医生说要做到这一点，人们应该不抽烟不喝酒他们还说人们应该减轻生活的紧张程度 第九篇 What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.  Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.  Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime. Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world. 词汇： psychologist /sakldst/ n.心理学家 psychiatrist /sakatrst/ n.精神病学家(医生) Austrian /'strn/ adj.奥地利的 gender /'dend(r)/ n.性别 注释： 1．Sigmund Freud 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。

精神分析学派的创始人他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因着有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等 2．Carl Jung：卡尔·荣格，瑞士着名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人  3．For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样 练习： 1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3．Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6．Men and women dream about different things. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解 1．A 这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。

即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感 2．A 第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧此句与本叙述一致 3．B 第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点 4．C 文中没有提及 5．A 依据第六段，Domhoff 研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提高的技能这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的能力 6．A 本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的 7．B 最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。

因而不能预测未来  译文：梦是什么 几百年来，人们都对他们梦到的奇异的事情感到疑惑一些心理学家认为，这种大脑的夜间活动并没有特殊含义，另一些人则认为，梦是生命重要的一部分实际上，许多专家认为，梦能揭示人的心理和情感活动 近代以前，很多人认为梦传递的是上帝的信息直到 20 世纪，人们才开始从科学的角度研究梦 奥地利心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德或许是第一个用科学的方法研究梦的人在他的着作《 梦的解析》(1900) 中，弗洛伊德写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达他认为梦打开了一扇窗，让人们得以表达在生活中不敢表达的情感、思想和恐惧 瑞士精神病学家卡尔 ·荣格曾是弗洛伊德的学生，但他对梦的看法与弗洛伊德不同，他认为，梦的作用是给做梦的人传递一种信息，而人们通过自己的梦，可以对自己有一个更深刻的了解比如，如果一个人梦到从高处坠落，那么他应该反思自己是不是自视过高反过来，如果梦中自己成了英雄，应该想想平时可能太看低自己了 现代心理学家还在继续发展关于梦的理论，来自位于圣克鲁兹的加利福尼亚大学的威廉· 多姆霍夫就是其中一位他认为，梦境和一个人的日常生活、思想和行为都紧密相关，比方说，一个罪犯就可能梦到犯罪。

多姆霍夫还认为，梦和年龄也有关系他的研究表明，孩子不像成人那么多梦他认为，做梦也是一项心理机能，也随着年龄增长而发展  多姆霍夫还发现梦和性别之间的关系通过研究. 他发现男性和女性的梦境常常是不同的例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样多姆霍夫研究了全世界来自 11 种不同文化的古今案例，得出了上述结论 梦能帮助我们更好地了解自己吗？心理学家还在尝试通过不同方式来解答这个问题，不过，有一件事他们是意见一致的：如果你梦到有不好的事要发生，不要慌张梦确实有含义，但也不意味着你梦到的事真的会发生要记住，梦中的世界并不是真实的世界 第十篇 Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer1 Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer. Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet. New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body. Researchers at Brigham Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it. Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat: The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.  And now we have more to tell you about our subject — resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it. Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance — again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell. 词汇： breast /brest/ n. 胸；乳房 breastfeed / brestfi:d/ n. 哺乳，喂奶 hormone /'h:mn/ n. 激素，荷尔蒙 therapy / 'θerp/ n. 疗法，治疗 receptor /rsept(r) / n. 接收器，感受器；受体 estrogen / 'i:strdn/ n. 雌激素 progesterone / pr'destrn/ n. 黄体酮，孕酮（孕激素类药) serving /s:vi/ n. 一份饭菜 process /pr' ses/ n .处理；加工 resveratrol / rez'vrtr:l/ n.白藜芦醇（抗肿瘤药) compound / 'kmpand, kɑmpand/ n.混合物；化合物；复合物 treadmill / tredml/ n .(古时罚囚犯踩踏的）踏车；（喻)单调的工作 genetics / dnetks/ n. 遗传学 molecular /m'lekjl(r) / adj. 分子的 cellular /'seljl(r) / adj.细胞的 cell /sel/ n. 细胞 注释： 1.breast cancer：乳腺癌 2.replacement therapy：补充疗法，补偿疗法（应用机体天然产物或合成代用品补充机体的形成或缺陷） 3.hormone-receptor positive：激素受体阳性 4.treadmill test：单调乏味的实验 5. Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology：遗传学、分子生物学及细胞生物学研究所 练习：  1.Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2.Estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3.The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4.The way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5.Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6.Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7.Any kind of wine contains resveratrol. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned  答案与题解: 1.A 第二段第一句明确说到喂奶可以减少妇女患乳腺癌的危险性。

2.A 第二段说到激素补充疗法会增加患乳腺癌的危险性，而第三段说到雌激素会导致乳腺癌的增加 3.A 第四段尤其是最后一句已是结论性的话，红肉吃得多，患乳腺癌的可能性就大，反之就小，故成正比 4.A 倒数第三段列出了研究人员过去认为吃红肉可能致乳腺癌的三个原因，其中第一个就是红肉的烹调方法 5.B 同样倒数第三段中出的第三个因素就是红肉中所含的铁的种类，言下之意是有些类型的铁致癌，有的就不致癌，因此说所有食物中的铁都致癌显然是错的 6.B 倒数第二段说道，食用大量白藜芦醇这种植物的混合物的老鼠就会长寿，最后一段又说道白藜芦醇能提高肌肉的功能，这些都是正面的、积极的作用，并没有说它能致癌 7.C 倒数第二段只说红酒中含有白藜芦醇，并没有说其他酒类有还是没有 译文：红肉——乳腺癌的又一危险诱因 医生说妇女多进行体育锻炼并保持正常的体重有助于降低患乳腺癌的危险性  妈妈们如果给孩子喂奶至少达到了四个月，也会减少患乳腺癌的几率对于年龄偏大的妇女们来说，激素补充疗法能减少患一些其他疾病的风险，但是又发现指出这同时会增加乳腺癌患病几率因此，妇女们应该谨慎选择。

在饮食方面同样需谨慎 新的研究表明，年轻女性吃红肉越多，激素受体阳性，乳腺癌的患病率就越高体内雌激素或孕激素的高低对此有很大影响 马萨诸塞州鄙视顿时的布里翰女子医院的研究人员公布了一项健康调查的结果从 1991 年到 2003 男，研究人员调查了 9 万多名女性的健康状况多者一天吃一份或一份半红肉（一份大概是 84 克） 少者每周不超过三次关于激素受体阳性乳腺癌，研究发现，患乳腺癌的的女性中，吃红肉最多的人几乎是最少的人的两倍 调查负责人 Eunyoung Cho 说，二者之间为何有这种关系需要进一步通过研究论证但是以前的研究表明，吃红肉致乳腺癌可能有三个原因：一是红肉的烹调方法，二是养牛时用了生长激素，三是红肉中所含铁元素的种类这项研究登在了《内科医学档案》杂志上 那么，让我们再了解一下白藜芦醇，但饲养老鼠所用的白藜芦醇比人们能冲红酒中获取的要多得多 法国有科学家说，白藜芦醇还能改善肌肉功能——至少对老鼠是这样在实验室踏车测试中，（食用白藜芦醇的）老鼠能比在正常情况下跑得快两倍 遗传学、分子生物学籍细胞生物学研究所进行的这项研究在《细胞》杂志中有报道 更多考试最新资讯请点击天宇考王官网查看： 。