
美国浪漫主义超验主义.ppt
12页Time"Romanticism," as a term, derives from romance which means a story that is adventurous and improbable.Britain: 1790s~1830sAmerica :1800 ~1860sIt started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch BookThe Sketch Book ended with Whitman’s Leaves of GrassLeaves of Grass .Background•HistoricallyHistorically, it was the time of westward expansion in America •EconomicallyEconomically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial revolution. •PoliticallyPolitically, democracy and equality became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. •literary and cultural lifeliterary and cultural life , With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen's life, and the wild west.The impact of European Romanticism onAmerican RomanticismForeign literary masters,especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage, they revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism。
Features1.Newness. For Americans in the early 19th century, their country and landscape was an entirely new one. The newness meant that even fairly ordinary, day-to-day things were very interesting, and lots of American writers wrote about ordinary events in a way that made them fresh and exciting. 2. Puritanism. Puritanism remained a strong influence. The public opinion was still overwhelmingly Puritan, so certain topics remained off limits- specifically sex. 3.Isolation :Without traditional context, insecurity about values arises, They are troubled by the loss of distinction4.Optimism :They thought of America as a new Garden of Eden, and believed strongly in individualism and equality, to the extent that they saw themselves as a new kind of pioneer. 5.In terms of literary technique, American Romantics use symbols, myths. Their style is often very original and not convention oriented. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding. 美国浪漫主义时期的小说富有美国浪漫主义时期的小说富有 独创性,多样性,与华盛顿独创性,多样性,与华盛顿.欧文的喜欧文的喜剧性寓言体小说,有艾伦剧性寓言体小说,有艾伦.坡的哥特式坡的哥特式惊险故事,有库柏的边疆历险故事,有惊险故事,有库柏的边疆历险故事,有麦尔维尔的长篇叙事,有霍桑的心理罗麦尔维尔的长篇叙事,有霍桑的心理罗曼史,有戴维斯的社会现实小说曼史,有戴维斯的社会现实小说。
美国超验主义 American Transcendentalism Transcendentalism has been defined as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge through the senses.” 超验主义承认人具有本能超验主义承认人具有本能 了解或认识真理能力,能超了解或认识真理能力,能超 过感官获取知识过感官获取知识(1) It stressed the power of intuition, believing that people could learn by means of the five senses and by intuition.(2)it placed spirit first and matter second.(3) It took nature as symbolic of spirit of God. (4) It emphasized the significance of the individual(5) It envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “soul”.Important American Romantic Writers: •Washington Irving ----The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》 •James Cooper ---Leather Stocking Tales 《皮袜子的故事》 •Ralph Waldo Emerson----- The American Scholar 《美国学者》•The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.一个理想的个人应是自助自立的人。
Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”回到自然中去吧,沉浸在自然的影响中吧,你将重新获得精神的完整 •Henry David Thoreau -----Walden 《沃尔登》•Herman Melville ----Moby-Dick 《白鲸》•Nathaniel Hawthorne ---- The Scarlet Letter《红字》•Walt Whitman----Leaves of grass《草叶集》 •Edgar Allen Poe The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. 对逃离社会,回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的对逃离社会,回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的 一个永恒的话题一个永恒的话题• Romanticism was partly a revolt against aristocratic social ,political ideas and religious tradition.•Romanticism influenced a lot of writers and it contributed to the flourishing of American’s literature.•Romantic movement is an ethical guide to life of America. It preached the positive life and appealed to the best side of human nature. Influences:。












