国际旅游规划案例分析01IntroducingTsmPolicyPlanningSunYatSen.ppt

Introducing … TOURISM POLICY AND PLANNING,Universioty of Tasmania, Australia.,INTRODUCTIONIn the six decades since the end of the Second World War tourism has grown exponentially so that tourism policy formulation and planning has sometimes been non-existent, or has lagged well behind development. Often the dynamics and complexity of the tourism system have been insufficiently understood so that when policy and planning for tourism have occurred they have been inadequate. Tourism planning is essential to achieve an optimisation of tourism potential, maximising the benefits for destinations and minimising adverse economic, social, economic and environmental effects based on sustainable management of natural and cultural resources.,Development TheoriesSince the end result of policy and planning is ‘development’, this course is based on the concepts of development theory and the ways in which policy and planning have been adapted to meet the changing nature of what ‘development’ encompasses. We will move from the simple ‘economic growth’ model of the 1950s and 1960s to the more recent concept of ecologically sustainable development (ESD), its problematic characteristics and how it may apply to tourism. Tourism policy formulation and planning will be thus be examined from a development perspective and cover both simple and complex processes. The course is divided into three main parts: (i) policy formulation; (ii) tourism planning principles and practice; and iii) international case studies in tourism planning,The first major focus will be on - Public Tourism Policy i.e. the involvement of governments in policy formulation and planning. The reason for this is simple: the tourism industry (narrowly defined as businesses involved in tourist operations) is dominated in most countries by the private sector but the role and functions of governments are pervasive in regulating, controlling and planning for tourism. These aspects are often overlooked or misunderstood. Hence a key aim of the unit is to provide an appreciation of how governments determine tourism policy, why they plan for tourism, and in what ways governments, in their many different manifestations, preside over, guide and participate in the tourism industry.,Overview,The second major focus of the course will outline-Tourism Planning Principles and Practices which underlie tourism development. Perhaps the single most important lesson to emerge from these lectures will be an understanding of the reality that ideal planning cannot be implemented. While it is necessary to go through all of the processes necessary for planning for an ideal situation, in real life there are always competing demands for limited resources and competing policies and plans from a wide range of ministerial portfolios and sectors which will make demands upon areas necessary for tourism development. Compounding the arena will be the politics of any given situation. The trouble with most planning is that it stops with the ideal plan. It is in fact, however, essential to formulate an implementation plan to deal with and manage these realities after you have developed your tourism plan.,Overview,The third major focus of the course will cover a series of Case Studies for International Tourism PlanningThe case studies will include examples from Cambodia, Thailand, Peru, Australia and a number of other places.,Overview,At the end of this unit you should have the capability to discuss public policy formulation and trends and major issues in tourism planning, as well as contemporary methodologies for the management of tourism for achieving long-term gains without compromising the sustainability of local resources. You should have a solid grasp of the various theories and notions about development including ESD (ecologically sustainable development) and their application to tourism policy and planning; key concepts and principles of planning; the dynamic processes of policy formulation; the role of governments re public policy in association with concepts of politics, power, planning and development; the ways in which governments operate to determine the direction and pace of tourism development; and the integrated nature of government and the private sector vis-a-vis tourism policy and planning.,COURSE OUTCOMES,TEXT Gunn, C.A. and Turgut Var (2002)Tourism Planning. 4th ed. New York and London: Routledge.Hogwood, B.W. and Gunn, L.A. (1989). Policy Analysis for the Real World. Oxford, Oxford University Press.,COURSE CONTENT,。