
中小企业企业家人力资本定价研究.pdf
57页华东交通大学硕士学位论文中小企业企业家人力资本定价研究姓名:宣玲玲申请学位级别:硕士专业:企业管理指导教师:张玉清20071030Abstract II RESEARCH ON ENTREPRENEUR HUMAN CAPITAL PRICING OF THE SMALL AND MIDDLE MARKET ENTERPRISE RESEARCH ON ENTREPRENEUR HUMAN CAPITAL PRICING OF THE SMALL AND MIDDLE MARKET ENTERPRISE ABSTRACT For the Small And Middle Market Enterprise which lack of monetary capital and human capital, it is urgent to price on human capital scientifically and reasonably in order to inspirit entrepreneur human capital. Comparing with big market enterprise, the Small and Middle Market Enterprise has more difficulties in financing. Currency shortage is a common problem to the Small and Middle Market Enterprise. So they should fully inspirit the influence of human capital in order to create more value and profits by the limited material resource. Scientific and efficient human capital pricing can bring SMME (the Small and Middle Market Enterprise) financially success and efficient stimulation to human capital. We choose entrepreneurs as the object of the research for they are the headspring and guarantee of business activities for SMME. Based on the concept of HC, this paper reviews general approaches of HC pricing, present the common limitation of these approaches, i. e. we are still unduly influenced by measurement concepts dating back to the industrial era when physical capital was the primary source of wealth creation. We still regard HC as a material capital with a static view, ignore the uncertainty of HC especially the HC of entrepreneur. And find out that the traditional methods(DCF) mainly suit the general and technology HC, but doesn't suit entrepreneur human capital, because of its great uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new method in the era of knowledge economy. In this paper, we figure out that the value of entrepreneurs is not equal to the expected cash flow by the DCF method. By contrasting the relative parameters of financial options, real options and human capital, the HC value of entrepreneur can be regarded as a special “call option“, it has many similar characteristics of real option. When the owner of material capital pays for the HC, the value is as equal as the option premium. We can account Human Capital of the entrepreneur by using Black-Scholes Model of option pricing. However, the pure real option rule characterizes the present value of expected cash flows and the expected costs by a single number, which is not realistic in many cases. In this paper we consider the real option rule in a more realistic setting, namely, when the present valued of expected cash flows and expected costs are estimated by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. We choose one of the SMMEs as the subject of Empirical Study, after analyzing it’s entrepreneur HC value by this method, we believe that this method of HC pricing has practical value in enterprise practice. On the study of entrepreneur value measurement, this paper suggests the basic direction of establishing entrepreneur motivation and restriction mechanism in our country and studies the practical measures to set up and perfect Abstract III entrepreneur motivation and restriction mechanism. Key Words: SMME, Entrepreneur human capital, Option pricing, Fuzzy number 独创性声明独创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表和撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得华东交通大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意 本人签名_______________日期____________ 关于论文使用授权的说明关于论文使用授权的说明 本人完全了解华东交通大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文 保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定,本论文无保密内容保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定,本论文无保密内容 本人签名____________导师签名__________日期___________第一章 绪论 1第一章 绪论 第一章 绪论 1.1 问题的提出 1.1 问题的提出 自从 20 世纪末以来,信息、技术、知识已成为企业竞争的核心,而人作为这三者的载体,也成为企业经营者关注的焦点随着知识更新和传播速度大大加快,世界经济正经历从物质资本决定到人力资本决定的深刻变革,人力资本开始正式进入生产函数。
伴随着技术的进步、市场的全球化以及风险的增加,竞争层次不断提高,竞争优势日益依赖于人力资本、管理水平等无形资产,这已经成为当前经济发展的重要特征之一 在这一深刻的背景下,企业家人力资本作用尤其显得重要美国经济学家熊彼特曾指出:企业家是经济发展的发动机,是发展的力量源泉当代世界经济社会发展的历史一再表明,企业家人力资本是经济社会发展中的一种特殊的人力资本,也是人类社会最稀缺的资源之一在西方经济学家看来,企业家是使土地、劳动力、资本这三大生产要素有机结合而创造财富的第四大生产要素,是决定企业绩效的关键要素在一定程度上讲, 企业的发展就是企业家人力资本作用的结果, 企业家人力资本有着巨大的经济价值 与拥有先进生产力、雄厚资金和技术基础、丰富人力资源的大型企业相比,中小企业的发展更大程度上依赖企业家人力资本有效运用中小企业无论在融资渠道、人力资源或是政府及社会的支持方面,均处于孤立无援的境地,再加上自身资源不足、管理粗放、技术层次较低等不足,其发展受到极大的制约,生存也是一个极大的问题据统计,美国的全部中小企业中,约有 68%的企业在第一个 5 年内倒闭,只有不到 13%的企业寿命超过 10 年。
可见,对广大中小企业而言,其对社会所做出的贡献与其社会地位是不成比例的因此,企业家人力资本的作用在中小企业中显得更为重要如何借鉴现代经济学和管理学的理论,探讨中小企业人力资本定价问题,从而对企业家人力资本进行有效的激励, 带动企业的全面提升, 促进中小企业的持续健康发展, 显得尤为重要和迫切 自 20 世纪中叶起,人们从来就没有停止过对企业家人力资本价值的探讨,并取得了较大的研究成果但目前传统的人力资本定价计量方法有一定的缺陷,没有考虑到人力资本投资可能包含的灵活性,忽略了未知信息所蕴含的机遇,当人力资本决策具有延迟、扩展或放弃等灵活性时,传统的定价方法无法对此加以计量因此,有必要对企业家价值评估问题进行较深入的理论研究与方法探讨, 论文尝试将实物期权理论和模糊数学相结合用以计量企业家人力资本个体价值和群体价值在这方面,所涉及的文献相当有限,论文也希望在此有所突破 第一章 绪论 21.2 国内外研究综述 1.2.1 国外学者研究成果 1.2 国内外研究综述 1.2.1 国外学者研究成果 西方理论界中对人力资本理论具有突出贡献的有舒尔茨、贝克尔、罗默、卢卡斯等人 1959 年, 舒尔茨发表 《人力资本投资: 一位经济学家的观点》 一文。
舒尔茨认为 “人的知识、技能、健康等人力资本的提高对经济增长的贡献远比物质资本、劳动力数量的增加重要”他构建了现代人力资本理论体系,测算出人力资本投资中最重要的教育投资对美。
