高三复习-非谓语动词课件.ppt
34页一、功能一、功能主主语 宾语 表表语 定定语 状状语 宾语补足足语不定式不定式√√√√√√v-ing√√√√√√v-ed√√√√二、主要用法二、主要用法(一)(一) 非谓语动词做定语非谓语动词做定语1. to do作后置定语作后置定语①①表将来表将来e.g. The car to be bought (buy) is for his sister.②②当被修饰的名词前面又被序数词和最高级修饰时当被修饰的名词前面又被序数词和最高级修饰时或被或被the only修饰时修饰时e.g. He was the best man to do (do) the job.e.g. She was the first woman to win (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.③③某些抽象名词如某些抽象名词如ability,,attempt, chance, opportunity, effort,用,用to do作后置定语作后置定语 e.g. Do you have the ability to read and write English?2. to be done 表将来,表将来,“将被做将被做” e.g. The question to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important.3. doing 与被修饰名词主动关系与被修饰名词主动关系I don’t know the boy standing (stand) under the tree.4. done 与被修饰名词被动关系与被修饰名词被动关系e.g. Have you read the novel written (write) by Dickens?5. being done 正在被做正在被做e.g. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.1. He was the last one ____ (leave) school yesterday.2. The child ____ (stand) over there is my brother.3. Peter received a letter just now ________(say) his grandma would come to see him soon.4. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____(hold) in London in 2020 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. 5. Do you have the ability __ (read and write) English? 6. The building ___ (build) next year is our dormitory. 7. I think the scientific advances ___ (mention) in your article are interesting.8. The meeting __ (hold) now is of great importance. (二二) 非谓语作状语非谓语作状语1. to do ①① 表表“目的目的”,为了做某事。
还可作原因状语,为了做某事还可作原因状语e.g. Helen had to shout to make (make) herself heard above the sound of the music.e.g. I’m very glad to see (see) you.②②表意想不到的结果,结果却表意想不到的结果,结果却…e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 2. to be done作状语作状语①①表表“目的目的”,为了被,为了被…②②表意想不到的的结果,结果却被表意想不到的的结果,结果却被…e.g. He hurried to the station only to be told (tell) that the train had left.3. doing 作状语作状语与逻辑主语是主动关系,且与主句的谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系,且与主句的谓语动词基本上同时发生基本上同时发生e.g. Not knowing (know)what to do, he went to his parents for help.4. Having done作状语作状语与逻辑主语是主动关系,先于主句谓语动词发生与逻辑主语是主动关系,先于主句谓语动词发生e.g. Having bought (buy) a precious diamond necklace for his wife, Tom couldn’t afford a tie for himself.5. done过去分词作状语过去分词作状语与逻辑主语是被动关系,与逻辑主语是被动关系,e.g. Encouraged (encourage) by her teachers, Rose did well at school.6. Having been done作状语作状语与逻辑主语是被动关系,且先发生与逻辑主语是被动关系,且先发生Having been asked (ask) work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.★★ 补充:补充:非谓语作状语,也可用连词非谓语作状语,也可用连词when, while, once, until, if, unless, although +doing或或donee.g. If given more attention to, the trees could have grown better.e.g. We have to consider the need for environmental protection when developing economy.1. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ____(say) nothing about the argument. 3. (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 4. (open) in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. 5. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _____ (watch) TV. 6. _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.7. When ________ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____(water) every day. 9. ___ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.10.The news reporters hurried to the airport , only ____(tell) the film stars had left.11. ____(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well.12.____(keep) in the fridge for two hours, the food has gone bad. (三三) 非谓语作宾语补足语非谓语作宾语补足语1. 不定式不定式to do sth.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语常见的用不定式作宾补的动词有常见的用不定式作宾补的动词有: ask, cause, get, want, wish, tell, advise, encourage, persuade, invite, permit, allow, force, expect, beg, urge, require, call on…e.g. I asked him to come over.2. doing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是主动关系,表示与宾语是主动关系,“一直做或正在做一直做或正在做”e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.3. 过去分词过去分词done作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是被动关系,表示与宾语是被动关系,“被做被做”e.g. I often hear this English song sung by Lily. 4. “省略省略to的不定式的不定式”作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是主动关系,表动作的全过程表示与宾语是主动关系,表动作的全过程 e.g. The teacher had me repeat the story. 1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ (issue) clear warning before firing any shot. 2. Passengers are permitted ___ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. I smell something _______ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 4. Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth. 5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _____ (speak) as much as we can.6. My advisor encouraged me ________(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ (learn). He always works hard. 8. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____(fix) on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship. (四四) 非谓语作主语非谓语作主语1. 不定式不定式to do作主语作主语e.g. To find a best friend is difficult. = It is difficult to find a best friend.2. 动名词动名词doing作主语作主语e.g. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 1. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (五五) 非谓语作宾语非谓语作宾语 1. 只能用不定式只能用不定式to do作宾语的动词:作宾语的动词:want, need, hope, expect, like, hate, try, manage, intend, plan, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn, decide, choose, offer, promise, wish等等 e.g. He pretend not to see me when I passed by.2. 只能用只能用V-ing作宾语的动词:作宾语的动词:admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, deny, allow, permit, forbid, risk, can’t help, put off, give up, feel like, be busy, have difficulty, have a good time, can’t stand(忍受忍受)等。
等e.g. We don’t allow smoking in the hall.e.g. I have to put off shopping till tomorrow. 3. 后面既可以直接加后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加也可以直接加to do,,两者意义大致相同的词有:两者意义大致相同的词有:continue, begin, start, love, hate, like等4. 有些动词后面既可以直接加有些动词后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加也可以直接加 to do,但两者,但两者意义完全不同意义完全不同的词的词forget/ remember to do sth. 忘记忘记/记得要去做某事记得要去做某事 forget/remember doing sth. 忘记忘记/记得已经做过某事记得已经做过某事 try to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 试着做某事试着做某事regret doing 后悔已经做过某事后悔已经做过某事 regret to do sth. 很遗憾要去做某事很遗憾要去做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事意味着做某事mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁地做某事情不自禁地做某事can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事1. — Can I smoke here? — Sorry. We don’t allow _____(smoke) here.2. I can’t stand ____ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _____ (stop) talking while she works.3. — Robert is indeed a wise man. — Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ___ (not take) his advice! 4. If you think that treating a woman well means always ___ (get) her permission for things, think again. (六)非谓语作表语(六)非谓语作表语 1. 不定式作表语不定式作表语e.g. My work is to clean the room every day.注意:注意:作表语,一般要用带作表语,一般要用带to的不定式的不定式, 但当但当主语部分有实义动词主语部分有实义动词do时时, to可以省略。
可以省略e.g. Now the only thing we can do is wait.e.g. What I wanted to do is take a nap for about two days. 2. v-ing和和v-ed作表语作表语★★ v-ing形式表示形式表示“令人令人…的的”,多用来修饰事,多用来修饰事或物或物 ★★ v-ed表示表示“感到感到…的的”,多用来修饰人,,多用来修饰人, 人的声音或表情等人的声音或表情等 如如interesting有趣的;有趣的;interested感兴趣的;感兴趣的; exciting令人激动的;令人激动的;excited感到激动的感到激动的 frightening,,frightened四、注意情况四、注意情况(一)用省(一)用省to的不定式的情况的不定式的情况1. 在在would rather, had better, why not, can’t choose but(只好只好),,can’t help but(只能只能/禁不住禁不住) 后面,用省后面,用省to的不定式。
的不定式 e.g. I would rather go swimming. e.g. You had better tidy your bedroom. e.g. Why not visit your cousin in Japan?2. 当两个动词不定式由当两个动词不定式由and, or, except, but, than, rather than相连接时,通常相连接时,通常第二个第二个 不定式要省略不定式要省略toe.g. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film?e.g. I decided to write rather than phone.3. 动词不定式在介词动词不定式在介词but, except, other than后后面作宾语时,要带面作宾语时,要带to,但,但如果这些词的前面有如果这些词的前面有do, does, did时时,这些词后面的不定式符号,这些词后面的不定式符号to要要省略前有省略前有do后省后省to) e.g. We have no choice but to wait. e.g. We can do nothing but wait.(二)某些过去分词已转化成形容词,用于系表结构(二)某些过去分词已转化成形容词,用于系表结构 表状态,作表状态,作后置定语后置定语/状语状语/宾语补足语宾语补足语时,这些时,这些 固定词组固定词组直接把直接把be动词去掉动词去掉,留下剩余的。
留下剩余的 如如 be dressed in, be seated in, be faced with, be buried in, be determined to, be devoted to e.g. The man dressed in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. ((be dressed in)) e.g. Faced with a difficult situation, Tom decided to ask his boss for advice. ((be faced with))1. Sandy could do nothing but ________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 2. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. —Why not ________(visit) her this weekend? 3. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____(enjoy) the flowing of the smog around me. 。





