机械工程及自动化基础生词释义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,PART ONE Materials of Engineering,timbers/timb/n.木材，木料,clay/klei/n.粘土,cast irons n.铸铁 copper alloys n.铜合金,polymer/plim/n.聚合体（物),superalloy/li/n.冶超耐热合金;超耐热不锈钢,ceramic /sirmik/n.陶瓷,fibre reinforced composite materials 纤维加强复合材料,metallic glasses 金属玻璃 /mitlic/,matrix n.(合金的)基体,矩阵,parallel adj.平行的,并行的,并联的,vacuum melting 真空熔炼 /vkjum/,casting 铸造 /k,a:sti,/,moulding /m,uldi,/n.模塑,造型,铸造,1.1 Introduction,liability n.责任,legislation n.立法 集合词法规,cater vi.迎合,投合,cater for 为提供必要的条件,corrosion/krun/n.腐蚀,inshore adj.近海岸的,沿海岸的,quayside/k,i:,s,aid,/n.码头沿岸 码头周围,spray n.喷雾,飞沫 vt.喷射,喷溅,interdependence n.互相依赖,function n.官能,功能,作用,函数 vi.(器官)活动,运行,close-knit /nit/adj.紧密的,组织严密的,thermal /:ml/adj.,热力学的,aesthetic/i:setik/adj.,美学的,reliability n.,可靠性,quality n.,质量,category n.种类,范畴,inorganic adj.无生物的,无机的,inorganic glasses 无机玻璃,composites n.聚合物,constituent n.要素；（结构）成分,density n.密度 melting point 熔点,hardness 硬度 machineability 机械加工性能,tensile strength /tensail/抗拉强度,compressive strength 抗压强度,Youngs modulus Young氏模量,1.2 The range of material,creep resistance,蠕变阻力,抗蠕变力,thermal expansion,热膨胀,thermal conductivity,热传导率,thermal shock,热冲击,温度急增,chemical resistance,耐化学性能,oxidation resistance at high temperature,高温耐氧化性,/ksidein/,氧化,compression,压缩,tension,拉伸,concrete,混凝土,reinforcement n.,增强,加固,;,强化物,;,钢筋,strength and stiffness,强度和刚度,laod bearing characteristics,承载特性,friction,摩擦,PTFE=Polytetrafluoroethylene,聚四氟乙烯,bearing materials,轴承材料,subjective adj.主观的,个人的,texture n.结构,质地,纹理,elastic module 弹性模量,damping n.阻尼,衰减,制动,adj.阻尼的,缓冲的 制动的,减速的,Yield 屈服特性 tensile 拉伸特性,compressive and torsional strengths 压缩和扭转强度 /t:nl/,ductility/dktiliti/n.延性,塑性,韧性,Fatigue strength 疲劳强度,toughness n.韧性,坚韧,刚性,1.3 Properties of engineering materials,creep strength,蠕变强度,fracture toughness,断裂韧性,moulding and casting,成型及铸造,plastic deformation,塑性变形,adhesives /dhi:siv/,粘合剂,welding /weldi/,焊接,resistance to oxidation,抗氧化性,solvents and environmental factors,溶剂和环境因素,availability,可用性,texture and ability to accept special finishes,质地和接受特殊表面纹理的能力,lead /led/铅 silver /silv/银,tin /tin/锡 zinc /zik/锌,ores /:s/矿石 primary metal 一次金属,recycled scrap 再循环废料,petroleum /pitrulim/石油,crust /krst/地壳,silicate /silikit/硅酸盐,alumino-silicate 铝硅酸盐,1.5 Possibility for the future,metallic /mitlik/金属的,iron /ain/铁 steel /sti:l/钢,aluminium /lju:minjm/铝,magnesium /mgni:zjm/镁,nickel /nikl/镍 titanium /taiteinjm/钛,beryllium /briljm/铍,cobalt /kb:lt/钴,molybdenum /mlibdinm/钼,tungsten /tstn/钨,metallurgy /metldi/冶金学,1.6 Non-ferrous metals and alloys /,fers,/,mild or low carbon steels 轻碳钢或低碳钢,medium carbon steels 中碳钢,high carbon steels 高碳钢,temper /temp/回火,sheet and strip for presswork 冲压用钢板或钢条 rod 棒 tubing 钢管,screws 螺纹,concrete reinforcement bar 钢筋混凝土,case carburising quality 碳化质量,Bright drawn bar 光拔钢,1.7 Type of steel and their uses,Shafts and high-tensile tubing,转轴，高抗拉强度钢管,forging dies,锻造模子,springs,弹簧,hammers,锤子,saws,锯,cylinder linings,钢套,punches,冲压机,milling cutter,铣刀,ball bearings,球轴承,drills,钻,razor /reiz/,剃刀,microstructures,微观结构,plain carbon steels,碳素钢,high carbon steels,高碳钢,pearlitic alloy steels,珠光体共析钢,eutectoid pearlite /ju:tektid/p:lait/,共析珠光体,fatigue,疲劳,fine grain size,很细的晶粒,niobium /naiubim/,铌,titanium /taiteinjm/,钛,vanadium,钒,1.8 Alloy steels (1)Low-alloy steels,normalizing 正火,austenitic 奥氏体,martensitic 马氏体,precipitated carbides 沉淀碳化物,high speed tool steels 高速工具钢,tungsten /tstn/钨,chromium /krumjm/铬,hard wearing metal-cutting tools 高耐磨性的金属切削工具,vanadium 钒 cementite 渗碳体,1.8 Alloy steels (2)High-alloy steels,stabilize ferrite,稳定的铁素体,ferritic stainless steel,铁素体不锈钢,martensitic stainless steel,马氏体不锈钢,austenitic stainless steel,奥氏体不锈钢,(b)Stainless steel,不锈钢,high strength steel,高强度钢,machining costs,加工成本,Aircraft undercarriage components,飞机着陆装置的元件,(c)Maraging steels,马氏体时效钢,austenitic,奥氏体的,non-magnetic,非磁性的,deform,变型,abrade,磨损,pneumatic drill bits,气动钻头,rock crusher jaws,岩石破碎机颚,excavator bucket teeth,挖掘机斗齿,railway points and switches,铁路连接点和交换机,(d)Hardfields manganese steel,高锰钢,(1)Full annealing 完全退火,hypoeutectoid steel 亚共析钢,furance 熔炉,lamellar /lmel/薄层状的,pearlite /p:lait/珠光体,stamping 冲压 fine grain size 很细的晶粒,ductility /dk tiliti/延展性,magnetic /mg netik/磁性,crystal structure 晶体结构,grain reorientation 晶粒的重新定向,1.9 Heat treatments for steels,(2)Normalizing 正火,forgings 锻件,(3)Spheroidizing /sfirdaizi/球化,rounded or globular form of carbide 圆状或球状颗粒形式,hypereutectoid steel 共析钢,a brittle grain boundary network of,cementite 渗碳体,ferrite matrix 铁素体,1.9 Heat treatments for steels,(4)sub-critical annealing,半临界退火,mild steels,低碳钢,recrystallisation,再结晶,(5)hardening,硬化,martensite,马氏体,quenching,淬火,wear resistance,耐磨性,(6)tempering,回火,embrittled,变脆,hypoeutectoid steel,亚共析钢,hypereutectoid steel,过共析钢,1.9 Heat treatments for steels,。