英语补充阅读材料3.pdf

11月热词第二届中国国际迸口博览会 the second China International ImportExpo (CUE)第二届中国国际进口博览会11月5日在上海开幕国家展Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the countryexhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and threeinternational organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions toshowcase the countries' development achievements, businessenvironment and special industries.国家展总展览面积3万平方米， 集中展示各国发展成就、营商环境和特色产业各国家馆的形象设计独具本国特色， 共 有64个国家( 含中国) 、3个国际组织参展The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic,France, Greece, India； Italy, Jamaica, Jordan； Kazakhstan, Malaysia,Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.15个主宾国( 按英文字母排序) 分别是柬埔寨、捷克、法国、希腊、印度、意大利、牙买加、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、马来西亚、秘鲁、俄罗斯、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和赞比亚。

企业展Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions haveattracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries andregions.企业展总展览面积33万平方米， 来 自150多个国家和地区的3000多家企业签约参展第二届虹桥国际经济论坛The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under thetheme of "Opening-up and Innovation for Win-wir CooperatiorJincludes five parallel sessions and attracts over 4,000 delegates.第二届虹桥国际经济论坛主题为〃开放创新、合作共赢〃， 包 括5场分论坛 ， 有4000多名代表参会The scale of the second CUE is larger than the first one, with the totalexhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 squaremeters last year.第二届进博会的规模比第一届更大。

首届展览总面积30万平方米， 今年达到36万平方米A total of 71.13 billion US dollars worth of tentative deals werereached for one-year purchases of goods and services during thesecond China International Import Expo (CUE), up 23 percent year onyear, Sun Chenghai, deputy director of the CUE bureau, told a pressconference Sunday.中国国际进口博览局副局长孙成海介绍， 按一年计， 第二届中国国际进口博览会累计意向成交711.3亿美元， 比首届增长23%Among the expo's diverse displays, 391 new products, technologiesand services were launched for the first time on the Chinesemainland or worldwide, he added.多样化的展品中, 世界或中国大陆首发新产品、新技术或服务391件。

More than 230 companies from all over the world have signed up forthe third CUE, with their combined exhibition area exceeding 84,000square meters, according to Sun. Among them are more than 80Fortune Global 500 companies or industrial leaders, with a totalexhibition area of more than 50,000 square meters截至当前， 已有230多家企业签约报名第三届企业展， 展览面积超过8.4万平方米其 中 ， 世 界500强和龙头企业超过80家 ， 展览面积超过5万平方米治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药the world's first innovative therapy fortreating Alzheimer's diseaseA homegrown drug, GV-971,which is the world's first innovativetherapy for treating Alzheimer's disease in 17 years will be availableto Chinese patients before the end of this year, its developers saidon Sunday.11月3日 ， 治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药——九期一（。

内 加"R〃）（ 甘露特 钠 ， 代 号 ：GV—971）的研发机构表示， 该药将在今年年底与国内患者见 面 ， 填补了世界阿尔茨海默病治疗领域17年无新药上市的空白该药以海洋褐藻提取物为原料（materials extracted from brown algae ） ,制备获得的低分子酸性寡糖化合物，可明显改善轻度至中度阿尔茨海默病患知功能（treat mild to moderate forms of the disease and improvecognition ） oAlzheimer's disease, an irreversible and progressive brain disorderthat slowly destroys memory, thinking ability and the capability tocarry out simple tasks, affects at least 50 million people worldwide,and the number is expected to increase as populations agc.（动词）阿尔茨海默病是一种不可逆的、渐进型大脑紊乱病症， 会缓慢损坏记忆力、思考水平以及执行简单任务的水平， 全世界至少有5000万 患 者 ， 随着人口老龄化加剧， 患者数量还会继续增加。

China has roughly 10 million people with Alzheimer's, the most inthe world.我国有阿尔茨海默病患者约1000万 人 ， 是世界上患者人数最多的国家新药作用机制是什么？Scientists said the drug functions mainly by rebalancing gutmicrobiota, reducing neuro-inflammation and reducing cognitiveimpairment.科学家表示， 该药主要通过重塑肠道菌群平衡, 减少相关神经炎症的发生,从而改善认知功能障碍新药效果如何？A phase III clinical trial of the drug involving 818 patients completedin July last year had "proven to continuously and effectively improvecognition among mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease sufferersover a period of nine months/' said Geng Meiyu, lead researcher onthe drug and a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Shanghai Institute of Materia Medic.该药主要发明人、 中国科学院上海药物研究所研究员耿美玉介绍， 〃九期一〃的3期临床试验研究于去年7月完成了 818例受试者的服药观察， 在为期36周的试验中， " 九期一”能够明显改善轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能障碍。

何时上市？The first production line for the drug will begin running this week.Patients will be able to buy the drug around the country from Dec 29,and more production lines will gradually be put into operation,which will meet the needs of 2 million patients, according toShanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical, one of the drug's developers.该药的研发机构之一、上海绿谷制药有限公司表示，“ 九期一”将于本周投产第一批， 预 计12月29日投放至全国生产企业正在筹建新工厂, 建成后可满足每年200万患者用药量的生产、销售1) People 'more likely to feel pain on humid days'人们" 在潮湿天更容易感觉疼痛”一项研究显示，患相关节炎等长期健康问题的人在潮湿的天气里更容易感到疼痛。

民间流传， 寒冷会使疼痛更严重， 但实际上人们对这类天气的影响研究甚少曼彻斯特大学的这项研究分析了从2500人的智能上收集来的数 据 ， 结果发现， 在温暖潮湿的日子里， 疼痛的症状其实更严重.Many people assume that it's temperature that influences the painexperienced by those who live with conditions such as arthritis.很多人认为是温度影响了关节炎等疾病患者的疼痛感But researchers found that rather than a cold snap, participants feltthe greatest pain on days during which there was high humidity.Low air pressure and windy conditions were also linked to painfuldays. Dry, still days were the least likely to be painful.但研究人员发现， 寒潮并非罪魁祸首， 参与调查的人们在湿度较大的日子里感受到的疼痛最严重。

低气压和多风的天气环境也与疼痛的水准相关 在干燥、平和的日子里， 人们感到疼痛的可能性最低The researchers say their findings could help to develop apain forecast, which would allow people to plan activities for theleast painful days. It could also shine a light on the mechanisms ofpain and lead to the development of new treatments.研究人员表示， 他们的发现可能有助于开发一种疼痛预测系统， 使人们能在痛感最低的日子里安排活动 它还可能协助人们进一步理解疼痛的机制并带动新治疗方法的发展词汇temperature温 度pain疼 痛experienced体会到的，感受到的arthritis 关节炎 cold snap 寒 潮，乍寒期 humidity 湿度 air pressure气压windy多风的， 刮风的still ( 天 气 ) 平静的forecast预测、预报shine a light on 为. . . 提供解释 mechanisms 机制(2) Greater protection for Emperor penguins called for 专家呼吁增强对南极帝企鹅的保护如果气候如预期变暖到2100年南极帝企鹅将面临真正的困难。

专家说，这些鸟在海冰上养育它们的后代商以如果它们赖以生存的这介“ 平台”像气候模型所预测的那样大幅消融， 帝企鹅的数量则很有可能急剧减少文字稿Emperors are the biggest of the penguins, and in many ways themost resilient. They breed right in the middle ofthe ferocious Antarctic winter, but their need for nine monthsof stable sea-ice on which to bring up their young means they facean uncertain future.帝企鹅是企鹅中体型最大的， 在很多方面， 适合水平也是最强的它们在南极地区凶险的严冬时节繁殖， 但它们需要九个月稳固的海冰来养育幼鸟， 这意味着帝企鹅的前途未卜Climate models project large sea ice losses, and with them, perhaps,a 50% reduction in the Emperor population by 2100. Scientists whostudy the birds believe it's time their particular vulnerability wasformally recognised, and they want to see measures taken to easeother pressures faced by Emperors, such as the fishing activitiesthat impinge ontheir food supply.气候模型预测海冰会大量减少， 帝企鹅的数量可能会在2100年前随之减少一半。

研究该鸟类的科学家们认为， 现应严肃理解到这个特定物种的脆弱性 ， 他们也希望能看到人们采取措施， 以缓解帝企鹅所面临的其它压力， 比如影响它们食物供应的捕鱼活动The scientists are pressing the International Union for Conservationof Nature to lift Emperors higher up on its list of Earth's endangeredspecies.科学家们敦促世界自然保护联盟在地球濒危物种名单中把帝企鹅所处的位置提升词汇resilient适合水平强的ferocious ( 环境条件) 凶险的， 恶劣的stable稳固的 project 预 计 , 预测 vulnerability 脆弱性 measures 措施 impingeo n妨 碍 ， 起负面影响(3) Radical Parkinson's treatment tested in patients 帕金森病：颠覆性疗法在患者身上测试一项将药物直接导入患者大脑中的、 具有颠覆性的帕金森病疗法已在人身上实行了测试在试验中， 一组患者接受了这类治疗， 即药物通过头部一侧的开口注入大脑； 另一组则接受了 “ 安慰剂疗法Parkinson's causes parts of the brain tobecome progressively damaged, resulting in a rangeof symptoms such as involuntary shaking and stiff, inflexiblemuscles. Now British scientists have, for the first time, givena protein called GDNF directly into the brain in the hope that itcould regenerate dying cells and even reverse the condition.帕金森病导致部分大脑逐渐受损， 引发一系列症状， 比如无意识的颤抖和肌肉僵硬、不灵活等。

现 在 ， 英国科学家首次将一种名为〃胶质细胞源性神经营养因子" 的蛋白质直接注入大脑希望这样做能够让濒死的细胞再生，甚至逆转病情41 participants underwent robot-assisted surgery to have four tubesscrewed into their brains, which allowed GDNF to be infused to theaffected areas with pinpoint accuracyvia a port in their head.4 1名参与者接受了机器人辅助手术， 手术将四根导管插入大脑， 这使得胶质细胞源性神经营养因子通过头部的开口极其精确地注入病变区域In the study, some patients received the protein and others receiveda placebo. Both groups showed improved symptoms, so it's notclear if the protein was responsible for the benefits. However, scansdid find evidence of improvement to affected areas of the brain inthose given GDNF.在这项研究中， 给一些患者注入了蛋白质， 而给另一些患者使用了安慰剂。

两组患者的症状均有所改善，所以当前还不清楚这是不是蛋白质起到的作用但脑部扫描结果的确显示， 在那些给予蛋白质的患者中， 脑内的病变区域得到了改善Researchers hope that further trials could look at increasing thedoses of GDNF for the duration of treatment. While this is far from acure for those with Parkinson's, it may provide some hope to themillions of sufferers around the world.研究者们希望进一步的试验能够着眼于在治疗期间增加胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的剂量即使这还远远不能治愈帕金森病患者， 但它或许能给世界各地数百万帕金森患者带来一丝希望1 .词汇progressively 逐渐地symptoms 症状 protein 蛋白质 regenerate 再生infused 被注入 pinpoint accuracy 高精确度 placebo 安慰剂 benefits益处、好 处a cure治愈方法(4) Global insects undergoing 'dramatic rates of decline'世界昆虫 总 数 “ 急剧下降”一份相关昆虫数量的科学审核报告显示， 世界上40%的昆虫物种数量正“ 急剧下降二这份报告称， 导致昆虫总数下降的原因是集约型农业. 使用杀虫剂以及气候变暖。

Insects are the most abundant form of animal life on the planet,representing more than 17 times the weight of the entire humanpopulation.昆虫是地球上数量最充足的动物生命体, 它们的重量之和相当于整个人类人口体重的17倍This study looked at 73 scientific reports. It found that overall, insectpopulations are falling by about 2.5% a year. 40% of the world'sinsects could be extinct within a few decades.这份研究分析了 7 3份科学报告研究发现， 总体来讲， 昆虫的数量每年下 降2.5%左右世 界 上40%的昆虫有可能会在未来的几十年里灭绝In some areas, the decline is even more rapid. According to onerecent study, the number of ground insects in Puerto Rico has fallenby 98% over the last 35 years. A growing body of research showsthat insects are declining about twice as fast as vertebrates.在一些地区， 昆虫数量的下降速度更快。

一项最新报告显示， 波多黎各的陆地昆虫数量已在过去的3 5年间下降了 98%越来越多的研究表明， 昆虫数量的下降速度大约是脊椎动物的两倍The report's authors say a rethinking of current agriculturalpractice is needed, in particular, a serious reductionin pesticide usage.这份报告的作者们说， 有必要重新审视当前的农耕方式， 尤其应着重减少杀虫剂的使用1 .词汇abundant数量充足的weight重 量 ， 体 重extinct灭绝的decline减少ground insects在陆地上生活的昆虫a growing body o f越来越多的vertebrates脊椎动物rethinking重新思考， 重新审视agricultural practices 农耕方法 pesticide 杀虫剂(5) Warming threatens Himalayan glaciers 气候变暖给喜马拉雅冰川带来威胁一份研究报告称，气候变化给兴都库什山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的泳川带来的威胁日益加剧。

此研究发现， 如果人们不迅速减少二氧化碳的排放， 这些巨大冰原的三分之二可能会消失文字稿The towering peaks of K2 and Mount Qomolangma are part ofthe frozen Hindu Kush and Himalaya ranges that contain more icethan anywhere else on Earth, apart from the polar regions.乔戈里峰和珠穆朗玛峰的高耸山顶是结冰的兴都库什山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的一部分， 除极地区域以外， 这两个山脉的含冰量比地球上任何一个地方都多But these ice fields could turn to bare rocks in less than a centurybecause of rising temperatures, say scientists.但科学家们说， 因为气温升高， 这些冰原可能在不到一个世纪的时间内变成裸露的岩石Over the next few decades, the melting could accelerate thanks towarming and increased air pollution from a growing populationdepositing soot on the ice.在接下来的几十年内， 冰川融化速度可能会加快， 这是因为气候变暖以及日益增长的人口在冰上留下煤灰而造成空气污染加剧。

If global temperatures rise by 2 degrees C, then halfthe glaciers would be gone by 2100. Even if the world takesdramatic action and limits warming to 1.5C by the end of the century,36% of the glaciers will have disappeared.如果世界气温上升2摄氏度， 那么冰川将在2100年前减半即使全世界都采取断然的行动， 在本世纪末将世界变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内，36%的冰川也将消失As well as millions of people living in the mountains, there areanother 1.65 billion living in the river valleys below - allare vulnerable to flooding and the destruction of crops.除了生活在山区的数百万人以外， 还 有16.5亿人生活在低处的河谷地区，他们容易受洪水和农作物被破坏的影响。

1 .词汇towering peaks高 峰，峰顶frozen冰冻的，结冰的ranges山脉polarregions 极地区域 ice fields 冰原 melting 融化 accelerate 加速 airpollution 空气污染 soot 煤灰 glaciers 冰川 river valleys 河谷vulnerable易受影响的flooding洪水(6) French restaurants fighting climate change 变废为宝：法国餐厅应对气候变化French restaurants fighting climate change 变废为宝： 法国餐厅应对气候变化French cuisine, but not as you know it. On this idyllic-looking islandon the northern outskirts of Paris, a food revolution is underway.法国菜， 但不是你所熟知的那种在巴黎北郊这座充满田园风情的岛上， 一场食物变革正在实行中The team here are busy turning waste food from nearby restaurantsand hotels into this stuff: compost. This is one of six urbancomposting sites across France, run by a social enterprise called LesAlchimistes.这支团队正忙着把来自附近餐馆和酒店的剩菜剩饭变成这个东西： 堆肥。

这是法国六个城市堆肥场之一， 由 一 家 名 为〃Les Alchimistes^的社会企业经营Cyrielle Callot； Les AlchimistesOne of the biggest problems we noticed was that 30% of the wasteproduced within city... within Paris was actually madeof organic waste. This goes to landfill, which makes no sense. Wedecided we could take this organic matter, which is very precious；and turn it into a solution, to turn it into compost.西里艾尔・ 卡洛 Les Alchimistes公司〃我们注意到的一个最大的问题是巴黎市内产生的30%的垃圾其实是有机垃圾这些垃圾会被送往垃圾填埋场， 这毫无道理我们决定把这些非常珍贵的有机物质变成解决问题的办法， 变成堆肥〃Compost that is then sold in bulk to farmers. This is good for theenvironment because when food waste ends up in landfill, itreleases methane, a powerful greenhouse gasthat warms up theplanet.随后期巴被批量卖给农民。

这样做对环境有益， 因为食物垃圾被送往填埋场后会释放甲烷， 这是一种强大的温室气体， 会使地球升温In order to produce the compost a bit faster than you can in yourgarden, the team rely on industrial composters like these.为了比你在自家花园里更快地生产堆肥， 这个团队依靠这种工业堆肥机But how does the food waste get here in the first place, you mightwonder. A team of cyclists is being assembled to collect the food incities. More than sixty businesses have signed up and receivemultiple visits like this one every day. This hotel was one of the firstto get on board.但这些食物垃圾一开始是怎么运到这里的？ 你可能想知道。

一组自行车骑手被召集在一起， 在各城市收取食物垃圾超过六十家企业已经注册参与， 像这家酒店一样， 每天都有人多次前来取垃圾 这家酒店是最先加入该计划的公司之一OCedry Daroso, Campanile La Villette HotelOur generation, we are really concerned about everything with [the]climate change and [the] waste of food.赛德利•达罗索 维耶特钟楼酒店〃我们这个代真的很关心一切相关气候变化和食物浪费的事情〃If the scheme proves popular, this may become a more commonsight in our cities.如果该计划确受欢迎， 这也许会成为我们城市中更常见的一道风景线词汇waste food食物垃圾，剩菜剩饭compost堆 肥，有机肥料organic有机 的landfill垃圾填埋场greenhouse g as温室气体(7) 日ectrifying Africa让非洲全面通电Sneaking up on a rare black rhino has never been easier. An electriccar can negotiate the savannah in silence. But improving the chancesof seeing the 'Big Five'" is just the beginning for the Swedishstart-up company that's set its sights much wider.偷偷地接近一头稀有的黑犀牛从来没有这么容易过。

一辆电动汽车能够无声无息地驶过大草原 但对于这家将目光投向更广阔领域的瑞典初创公司来说，提升人们看到〃非洲五霸” 的机会仅仅一个开始Filip Gardler, Opibus co-founderSafari vehicles was a perfect entry market, more or less, to enter.They had the need of the tourists visiting having high requirementson sustainability.菲利普•嘉德勒 Opibus创始人〃游猎汽车基本上是一个完美的入门市场 他们接待的游客对生态的可持续性有极大的要求〃Filip Lovstrom, Opibus co-founderAll across the world, we have 1.1 billion vehicles, so why should wereplace all of those with the new electric cars when we instead,can convert them?菲利普•勒夫斯特伦 Opibus联合创始人〃全世界共有11亿辆汽车， 那么我们为什么要把所有的汽车都换成新的电动汽车， 而不是改装它们呢？ 〃But these are the big prize. Converting Nairobi's Matatumass-transport minibuses to electric would have a huge impact...and there's currently a surplus of electricity here.这些才是最难能可贵的将内罗毕的马塔图公共交通小巴改为电动车会产生巨大的影响，而且这里当前有剩余电力。

But a huge number of Kenyans are not on the national grid and soare turning to small-scale solutions.不过有大量的肯尼亚人不能使用国家电网，所以他们转向小规模的解决方案Leah pays a dollar a day for her solar system and can now chargeher phone, her torch and watch TV. And having light at night meansSamuel can do his homework.莉娅每天为她的太阳能发电系统支付一美元， 她现在能够给、 手电筒充电 ， 也能够看电视晚上有灯还意味着塞缪尔能够做作业That's what Ethiopia's trying to do by building this vast dam acrossthe Blue Nile.埃塞俄比亚也试图通过建造横跨青尼罗河的大坝而让每家每户全面通电And the waters of the Congo River could power Africa. There aremulti-billion dollar plans to extend this Inga project, but miles fromany industry it will need to build power lines too.刚果河的水能够为非洲提供能源。

现有数十亿美元的计划来延长这个因加工程 ， 但所以地距离所有行业都很远， 所以它也需要修建输电线Erik Granskog, renewable energy consultantSo, the future of power in Africa is going to be a patchwork, betweenresidential solar, distributed generation, mini-grids and there will belarge hydroelectric dams.埃里克•格兰斯科格 可再生能源顾问” 非洲电力的未来将是一个大杂烧工程， 包括住宅太阳能、分布式发电、微型电网和大型水电大坝"Small and silent steps could be the best way to electrify Africa. Andlike mobile phone technology, leapfrog the need for vast powergrids spanning the continent.小而稳健的步伐可能是让非洲通电的最好方式。

就像移动技术一样， 应越过对横跨大陆巨大电网的需求词汇sustainability可持续性convert ( 使 ) 转 变 ， 改造surplus乘除small-scale小规模的solar system太阳能发电系统(8) Maya Bay： Saving paradise玛雅湾：拯救天堂般美丽的海滩From the air, its beauty is breathtaking. Sheer limestone towerssoaring out of an impossibly turquoise sea. A landscape so dazzlingit starred in a Hollywood movie.从空中看， 它美得让人窒息陡峭的石灰岩塔直立在极其碧绿色的海洋中因为景色美不胜收， 它还被搬上了好莱坞荧幕But the movie brought fame and popularity, so that the famousbeach began to be crushed under the weight of visitors numberingthousands each day.但随着电影带来的知名度和人气, 这片有名的沙滩开始被每天成千上万的游客踩踏得喘不过气来。

Thon Thamrongnawasawat, Marine scientistBefore, we crossed [the] Maya Bay, sometimes there were more than200 boats inside the bay, this small bay that you see. [And there isnot] look like a bay, it looked like a floating market.Thon Thamrongnawasawa 海洋科学家〃以前， 我们穿过玛雅湾， 有时候海湾里有二百多艘船， 就是你看到的这个小湾里看起来不像一处海湾， 而像一个水上市场〃Tourists can still come to the mouth of Maya Bayz but their only viewof the beach is a distant one.游客们仍然能够到玛雅湾的入海口参观， 但只能从远处看到沙滩的景色We followed a team from the National Parks Department who'dcome to see how well the marine life is recovering. Mostly, we sawonly dead and broken coral. This is the damage done by years ofuncontrolled tourism. The new coral is embedded back in the bayfloor. It will need many years to mature, but already there are visibleimprovements.我们跟随国家公园野生动物和植被保护厅的一组团队上岛，他们来察看海洋生命的恢复情况。

我们看到的大多是已经死亡和碎裂的珊瑚 这是多年不受监管的旅游业造成的破坏 新的珊瑚被重新埋入湾底 它们需要很多年才能生长成熟， 但现在已经有了明显的改善The sudden closure of this region's most famous touristattraction has not been popular with local entrepreneurs. They agreethat there were too many visitors, but not with the response.突然关闭这个地区最著名的旅游景点并没有受到当地企业家的欢迎 他们虽然同意这里游客过多， 但并不赞成相关部门的应对方法The initial closure was for four months - now it's indefinite. There is aplan for the boats to dock on the other side of the island for touriststo walk to the beach.最初的关闭时间是四个月， 而现在变成了无限期关闭。

有一个方案是让船只停靠在岛的另一边, 让游客步行去沙滩In truth, no one really knows how to balance the preservation of thisfragile landscape with the desire of millions to see it.事实上，没有人真正知道如何在保护好这里脆弱的风景和让数百万人一睹其美景之间取得平衡词汇landscape风景、景色tourists游客tourist attraction旅游胜地， 观光景点to dock停 靠preservation保护(9) 3D printing human anatomy用 3 D 打印技术制作出的人体解剖模型Medical students attempting what many of us might see asimpossible - trying to learn and memorise human anatomy. It reallyis no mean feat.医学专业的学生在尝试做一件我们很多人认为是不可能的事情他们在学习并记住人体的解剖构造。

这真是了不起Professor Reddy Mogali, Head of Anatomy, Lee Kong Chian Schoolof MedicineThere are so many structures in the body. The organs inthe abdomen -they're relatively easy - but the head and neckanatomies, I felt, is a more complex because of the intricatestructures.雷迪・ 莫加利教授 解剖学主任 李光前医学院〃人体内部有很多结构 腹部器官学起来相对容易， 但我觉得头部和颈部解剖结构更复杂， 因为结构更精密〃Traditionally, students have used plastic models to learn about thebody, but they're rigid and generally not anatomically accurate.There're also plastinated cadavers, real human bodies injected withPlasticine, but they also have their drawbacks.一直以来， 学生们用塑料模型来了解人体的构造， 但它们很硬， 而且解剖结构也普遍不准确。

还有一种模型是被塑化过的尸体， 就是注入了橡皮泥的真人尸体， 但它们也有它们的缺点And because they*re actual human bodies, they are very hard tocome by. Professor Mogali was searching for a better way.而因为它们是真正的人体， 所以很难找到莫加利教授在寻找更好的方法Professor Reddy Mogali, Head of Anatomy, Lee Kong Chian Schoolof MedicineSo, when I was reading, I learnt about 3D printing technology. Ithought '0Kz we can also use this technology.,雷迪・ 莫加利教授 解剖学主任 李光前医学院〃所以， 我在看书的时候得知了 3 D打印技术当时我想： 好 吧 ， 我们也能够利用这项技术’〃Others in the field were 3D printing models of human body parts.Professor Mogali took this a step further. He realised if they usedmultiple different materials, they can make parts of the body, suchas the veins or bones, feel different and even be different colours.Here, after 15 hours on the printer, you have an anatomically correctmodel of the heart.该领域的其他研究者用3 D打印机制作出了人体器官模型。

莫加利教授则进一步利用了这项科技他意识到， 如果使用多种不同的材料， 就能给血管或骨骼等人体器官模型带来不同的触摸感甚至不同的颜色 这台打印机打印了十五个小时后， 就做出了一个解剖结构准确的心脏模型Relatively cheaper and easier to replicate, they can be used incountries that might otherwise, perhaps for religious reasons, nothave access to real human cadavers, helping to better educate thenext generation of doctors.相对便宜又容易复制这些模型可在因宗教等原因而无法接触真人尸体的国家使用， 以助于更好地培养未来的医生词汇anatomy （动植物的）解剖结构organs器 官abdomen腹部cadavers人类尸体。