全新版大学英语综合教程2Unit-7 (2).ppt

全新版大学英全新版大学英语综合教程合教程2Unit-7I. Interpretation of the TitleII. Brief Introduction to History of English i. The roots of English ii. The development of Modern English iii. 20th Century English and World EnglishIII. Background KnowledgeIV. Text Organization I. Interpretation of the TitleQ: How can messiness be glorious?A: A rhetorical device —Oxymoron was used here.Oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle reader, luring him/ her to pause and explore why. “Glorious” is a commendatory term, while “messiness” is derogatory. The author actually used the title as a thesis statement: Yes, English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as tolerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others’ rights. II. Brief Introduction to History of English i. The roots of English ii. The development of Modern English iii. 20th Century English and World English i. The roots of EnglishA west Germanic language brought to England by Anglo-Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English/ The Anglo-SaxonsChristianity Viking The Norman Conquest Middle English Old English/ The Anglo-SaxonsIt was very different from modern English, and was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Most vocabulary was for simple everyday use, like “house”, “woman”, “man”, “mother”, etc. Four of our days of the week were named in honor of Anglo-Saxon gods, but they didn’t bother with Saturday, Sunday and Monday as they had all gone off for a long weekend. ChristianityWhile the Anglo-Saxons were away, Christian missionaries stole in bringing with them leaflets about jumble sales and more Latin. Christianity was a hit with the locals and made them much happier to take on funky new words from Latin, like “martyr”, “bishop” and “font”, etc. VikingAlong came the Vikings, with their action-man words, like “drag”, “take”, “give” and many words that begin with “sk”, like “sky” and “skirt”. The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest brought French to the upper class of England, but English was still used by the lower class. As a result, French words were added to English, like “judge”, “jury”, “royal”, “sovereign”, etc. Middle English English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French in governmental words, like “court”, “legal”, and “government” itself, and Latin in religious and educational words, like “minister”, “angel”, “school”, and “grammar”. ii. The development of Modern EnglishModern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxton in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of the 18th century. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis.In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written English to ordinary people. As the dictionary tells us, about 2,000 new words and phrases were invented by William Shakespeare, like “eyeball”, “puppy-dog”.The development of printing helped establish standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) was the first authoritative treatment of English. It defined about 40,000 words and gave examples of their use. By the 18th century American English was established and developing independently from British English. New words began to be added from Native Americans, like “raccoon”, “squash”, and most of the territory. Some forgotten English words lived on in America, Americans carried on using “fall”, “faucets”, “diapers”, while the Brits moved on to “autumn”, “taps”, “nappies”. iii. 20th Century English and World EnglishDuring the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese “feng shui” and Japanese “karaoke”. Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and establish its own international identity.III. Background Knowledge i. Julius Caesar (100-44B.C.) ii. Viking iii. The Norman Conquest iv. William Caxton(1422-1491) v. Winston Churchill(1874-1965) vi. Otto Jesperson(1860-1943) i. Julius Caesar (100-44B.C.) Julius Caesar was the best-known of all the ancient Roman leaders, and the first one to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later.ii. Viking Viking was a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Ireland, in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They had an important influence on English culture and the English language.iii. The Norman ConquestNorman refers to any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. iv. William Caxton(1422-1491) William Caxton was the man who set up the first printing firm in Britain. He printed his first book in 1474. By printing books in English, Caxton had a strong influence on the spelling and development of the language. Many of the books he published were French stories which he translated himself. v. Winston Churchill(1874-1965) As a politician, Winston Churchill is remembered as one of Britain’s greatest statesmen. When he was young, he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as a journalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and Minister of Defense in 1940.  His radio speeches during World War II gave the British people a strong determination to win the war, especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchill’s phrases still often quoted today are “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat”. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral.vi. Otto Jesperson(1860-1943)Otto Jespersen was a Danish philologist, grammarian, and educationist. He promoted the use of the “direct method” in language teaching with the publication of his theoretical work How to Teach a Foreign Language (1904). Other books include his seven-volume Modern English Grammar (1909~1949).IV. Text OrganizationPart Division of the Text (P. 193)Part One (1-3) Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language. Part Two (4-16)The history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern EnglishPart Three (17-19)Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others — these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.Preparations for Detailed Studyi.Read the text sentence by sentence ii.Try to translate the text in group discussion 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏。