直接引语变间接引语语法讲解.doc

直接引语变间接引语Ⅰ概述直接引语和间接引语的定义：引述别人的话有两种形式：①用引号 “”一字不差地引出别人的原话→ ②不用引号,用自己的话把别人的话转述出来→ Ⅱ直接引语变为间接引语的方法及规律一、句型的变化： 　　①当直接引语是陈述句，改为由that引导的宾语从句.（that在口语中经常被省略）如：　　　“I like reading adventure stories.” said John. →John said (that) he reading adventure stories.　②直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句 语序　　　　　1) He said, “Can you swim, John?” →He asked John if swim. 　　　2) Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?” →Jack asked (me) whether / if I Wei Fang the night before.　　③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

　　　1) She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”　　　→ She asked me when they their dinner. 2) He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?” → He asked me where I the pen.　　④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型　　　如： 　　　1) “Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. 　　　→ She told (ordered) the children any noise. 　　　2) “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. 　　　→ She asked him her a cup of tea. 　　⑤当直接引语是感叹句,间接引语为what 或how 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was.二 人称的变化：　　人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”　　　1) She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” 　 　→She said brother wanted to go with her. 　　　2) He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?" 　　 →He asked Kate how sister was then.　　　3) Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”　　 →Mr. Smith said was a good worker.三、时态　　直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整其基本法则和我们学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。

直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 不 变　　 1) She said. “We hope so.” →She said they so.　　 2) She said,“He will go to see his friend　　　 →She said he to see his friend.　　 3) She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she a pen. 【注意】在以下几种情况下在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化　　　 ①直接引语是客观真理如： 　　　 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher 　　　 told me.　　　 → The teacher told me the earth around the sun and the moon around the 　　　 earth。

　　　 ②直接引语如果是一般现在时表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变如： He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he up at six every morning. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变如： 　　　 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” 　　　 →Xiao Wang said he on April 20, 1980.　　　 ④如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是　　　　 过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变如：　　　 Peter said，“You had better come have today.” 　　　 →Peter said I go there that day.四、状语变化一览表： 在直接引语中 在间接引语中指示代词 this that these those 表示时间的词 now then today that day this week(month ,etc) that week (month ,etc) yesterday the day before last week(month ,etc) the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) ago three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow the next (following ) day next week (month ,etc) the next (following ) week (month ,etc)表地点的词 here there 动词 bring take come go 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I‘ve seen the film，” Gina said to me. Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 2. “I went home with my sister，” she said. She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 3. “I met her yesterday，” he said to me. He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 4. “You must come here before five，” he said. He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 5. He asked， “How did you find it， mother？” He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it. 6. “Where have you been these days？” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days. 7. “Keep quiet， children.” he said. He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.二 单项选择1. He asked ________ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was 。