8语法 课件.ppt

语法专项提升名词,可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例,通常用做不可数名词的词baggage/luggage，furniture，jewellery，equipment，news (word)，weather，information，music，progress，advice，fun 这些词可用口诀去记：拿着行李，家有珠宝设备，听着新闻天气信息，还有带音乐的进步忠告，蛮有趣味抽象名词具体化(1)表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种等，常可组成“a/an抽象名词”或“a/an形容词抽象名词”have a look，make an apology，take a deep breath，live a.life，have a good time，a wonderful lunch等注意：有些抽象名词不能具体化使用，即使有形容词修饰，也不和不定冠词连用，这类名词有：advice，information，news，fun，progress，equipment，wealth，weather等2)有些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡ice冰two ices两份冰淇淋tea茶two teas两杯茶,(3)有些不可数名词变成复数形式可以表示特别的意义。

paper纸papers报纸，文件look看looks外表condition状况conditions形势，情况time时间times时代arm手臂arms武器manner态度manners礼貌regard注意give regards to问候glass玻璃glasses眼镜hair头发hairs几根头发,名词数的用法(1)在短语中只用复数形式的名词take notes 做笔记，make repairs 修理，in high spirits 兴高采烈，as follows 如下(2)在有些短语中，名词用单复数意思相同tell a joketell jokes；make a facemake faces(3)有些短语中名词用单复数，在意思上有区别have words with sb.同某人吵架have a word with sb.同某人说句话,名词作定语及示例,1(2009年湖北卷) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for_ building.Arespect BfriendshipCreputation Dcharacter【解析】句意为：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。

respect尊重，爱戴；friendship友谊；reputation名誉，荣誉，声望；character性格，品格，品质，特点，特性又如：The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.在地震发生后，小男孩重返学校表现出了他顽强的毅力答案】D,2(2009年湖北卷)In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a_for everyone to stand up.Asignal BchanceCmark Dmeasure,【解析】句意为：在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们要起立的信号signal信号，导火线；chance机会，运气；mark分数，标志；measure措施，办法，尺寸又如：This is signal that you are breaking down.这是你身体逐渐变垮的信号The signal that the war broke out between two countries is oil.两个国家爆发战争的导火线是石油。

答案】A,3(2009年江西卷)The_shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into_car. Agirls；Toms Bgirls；Toms Cgirls；Toms Dgirls；Toms【解析】句意为：那些女孩子的鞋子沾满了泥巴，因此在上汤姆的车之前我让她们把鞋子脱掉由后文的them可知，此处的“girl”应为复数形式，因此其所有格形式应该是“girls”形式，而名词Tom的所有格直接在其后加s即可答案】C,4(2009年安徽卷)China has got a good_for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.Areputation BinfluenceCimpression Dknowledge【解析】句意为：在抗击流感方面，中国以细致和流畅的组织而获得良好的声誉reputation声誉；influence影响；impression印象；knowledge知识答案】A,5(2009年山东卷)He says that my new car is a_of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack BloadCquestion Dwaste【解析】句意为：他说我新买的小汽车浪费钱。

难道你不认为这是吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸吗？lack缺乏；load负荷；question问题；waste浪费答案】D,6(2009年天津卷)Im trying to break the_of getting up too late.Atradition BconvenienceChabit Dleisure【解析】句意为：我正努力改掉晚起的习惯tradition风俗(信仰)的传承，传统；convenience方便，便利；habit习惯；leisure休闲getting up too late属个人习惯答案】C,7(2009年陕西卷)From their_on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.Astage BpositionCcondition Dsituation【解析】句意为：以他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市本题考查名词语义辨析stage阶段，舞台；position位置，地位，姿势；condition条件，环境，情形；situation形势，环境答案】B,8(2009年福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2009.Adelay BeffortCSchedule Dconsideration【解析】句意为：当H1N1病毒在2009年4月在墨西哥爆发时，世界卫生组织立即向公众发出了警告。

without delayimmediately立即，毫不延迟地答案】A,9(2009年浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy_to the digital resources of the library.AAccess BpassageCway Dapproach【解析】句意为：设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、方便地使用图书馆的数字资源access to固定短语，意为“有权使用，有机会接近”答案】A,10(2008年天津卷)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_like coal，gas and oil.AFuels BarticlesCgoods Dproducts【解析】句意为：空气污染主要是由燃烧煤、天然气和石油等燃料引起的fuel燃料；article物品，商品，物件；goods商品，货物；product产品，产物答案】A,1(2010届济宁检测)To the great_of the citizens，no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases.Arelaxation BdisappointmentCrelief Dsurprise【解析】考查名词。

句意为“使居民欣慰的是除了12人被确诊外，没有其他人感染H1N1”relief欣慰，释然；relaxation放松，消遣；disappointment失望；surprise惊讶，愕然答案】C,2(2010届安徽芜湖一中一模)Whatever he does，once he sets up a goal，he would start pursuing it without_.Ahesitation BsuggestionCdiscussion Ddecision【解析】考查名词无论做什么，一旦确定了目标，他就会毫不犹豫地开始追求hesitation符合题意答案】A,3(2010届郑州第一次检测)The little girl had a lucky_when the earthquake happened.AChance BsurpriseChope Descape【解析】考查名词辨析语境：当地震发生时，那个小姑娘幸免于难前面的形容词lucky暗示选escape(逃脱，幸免)答案】D,4(2009年湖北重点中学4月联考)Tom is addicted to online games these days and pays little attention to his study.Whats worse，I dont think theres any_that I can talk him into tearing himself away from that.Aneed BproblemCchance Duse【解析】考查名词辨析。

语境说Tom对网络游戏上瘾，“我很难说服他从中解脱出来”，用theres no/little chance that表示可能性答案】C,5(2009年湖北重点中学4月联考)Shall we go skating tonight，Jane?Sorry，Henry.This is not the right_.After all，our final exams are only two days away.Asituation BmomentCpoint Dcase【解析】考查名词辨析语境说再过两天就是期末考试，由此判断说话人要表达的意思是这不是(去溜冰的)合适的时候，B项“时刻”符合语境答案】B,6(2009年成都外国语学校4月)The two parties held the talk in a friendly_and reached an agreement.Aatmosphere BstateCsituation Dphenomenon【解析】考查名词句意为“两个团体在友好的气氛中举行会谈，并达成一致意见”atmosphere气氛；state状态，状况，情形；situation情形，境遇；phenomenon现象。

答案】A,7(2009年成都第二次诊断)How do you like the_that children be sent abroad to study?Aidea BviewCopinion Dsuggestion【解析】考。