福建茶叶出口论文外文原文及译文.doc

北京联合大学毕业论文外文原文及译文题目：专业：指导教师：学院：学号：班级：姓名：CurrentstatusandfuturedevelopmentofglobalteaproductionandteaproductsAlastairHicksFAORegionalOfficeforAsiaandthePacificTeaisgloballyoneofthemostpopularandlowestcostbeverages,nextonlytowater.Teaisconsumedbyawiderangeofagegroupsinalllevelsofsociety.Morethanthreebillioncupsofteaareconsumeddailyworldwide.Teaisconsideredtobeapartofthehugebeveragemarket,nottobeseeninisolationjustasa‘commodity'eaactiveingredientsareofinteresttofunctionalfoodsmarkets.Africa,SouthAmerica,theNearEastandespeciallytheAsianregionproducesavariedrangeofteas,this,togetherwithareputationintheinternationalmarketsforhighquality,hasresultedinAsiaenjoyingashareofeveryimportingmarketintheworld.HugepopulationsinAsia,MiddleEast,Africa,UK,EU,andcountriesoftheCISconsumetearegularlyandthroughouttheday.Themainteaproducingcountriesgloballyare:inAfrica:Burundi,Kenya,Malawi,Rwanda,Tanzania,Uganda,Zimbabweandothers.InSouthAmerica:Argentina,Brazilandothers;InNearEast:IranandTurkey.InAsia:Bangladesh,China,India,Indonesia,SriLanka,VietNamandothers.Inaddition,theRussianFederationandCIScountriesproducequantitiesoftea.Numeroustypesofteasareproducedinthecountrieslistedabove.InChina,forexample,thecountrywiththelargestplantingofteaandsecondinoutput,greenteaisaroundhalfofthetotalexport,blackteaaroundonethirdandotherteasonefifth.Dependingonthemanufacturingtechniqueitmaybedescribedasgreen,black,oolong,white,yellowandevencompressedtea.TheIntergovernmentalGrouponTeamonitorsmarketconditionsandprovidesanupdateofpotentialmarketprospectsforteaoverthemediumterm.whichexaminesthecurrentsituationandmediumtermprospectsforproduction,consumptionandtradeoftea,anditsimpactontheworldteamarket.Insummary,teaisconsideredashavingashareoftheglobalbeveragemarket,ahighlycompetitivefield.Awiderangeofteaproductscontinuetobedeveloped,throughproductandprocessdevelopmentforadded-value,asmarketsharesbecomemoresophisticatedandcompetitive.Theteaindustrymustrisetothesechallenges,facingthefuturewithconfidence.IntroductionTheAsianregionproducesavariedrangeofteasandthis,togetherwithareputationintheinternationalmarketsforhighquality,hasresultedinAsiaenjoyingashareofeveryimportingmarketintheworld.Africa,SouthAmericaandtheNearEastalsoproducequantitiesoftea.HugepopulationsofAsia,UK,EU,MiddleEast,AfricaandcountriesoftheCISconsumetearegularlyandthroughouttheday.Thecommonteaplantistheevergreenshrub,Camelliasinensis.Thereareseveralvarietiesofthisspeciesofplant,awellknownonebeingtheIndianAssamtea(C.sinensisvar.assamicaKitamura).Traditionally,teaispreparedfromitsdriedyoungleavesandleafbuds,madeintoabeveragebysteepingtheleavesinboilingwater.Chinaiscreditedwithintroducingteatotheworld,thoughtheevergreenteaplantisinfactnativetoSouthernChina,NorthIndia,MyanmarandCambodia.Althoughthereareagrowingnumberofcountriesthatproduceteasinamultiplicityofblends,thereareessentiallythreemaintypesofCamelliatea,whichareGreen,andBlack.Thedifferenceliesinthe‘fermentation',whichactuallyreferstooxidativeenzymaticchangeswithinthetealeaves,duringprocessing.Greenteaisessentiallyunfermented,OolongteaispartiallyfermentedandBlackteaisfullyfermented.Blacktea,whichrepresentsthemajorityofinternationaltrade,yieldsanambercoloured,full-flavourliquidwithoutbitterness.Forexample,bothOrangePekoeandPekoeareblackteas.referstothesilver-tippedAssamteas.OrangePekoeismadefromtheveryyoungtopleavesandtraditionallycomesfromIndiaorSriLanka.PekoeteacomesfromIndia,IndonesiaorSriLankaandismadefromleavesevensmallerthanthosecharacteristicallyusedforOrangePekoe.Inadditiontotheseconventionalteas,manycountriesofAsiahaveanumberofherbalteas,madefrombrewingplantleaves,orotherplantpartsincludingflowers.Forexample,Gymnemasylvestre,amemberofthebotanicalfamilyAsclepiadaceae,foundmainlyinIndia,hasbeenusedasahealthyandnutritiveherbalteawhichclaimstohaveanumberofmedicinalproperties.Numerousotherherbalteasaregainingmorepopularityrecently.CurrentSituationTheglobalteaproductiongrowthratein2006wasmorethan3%toreachanestimated3.6milliont..TheexpansionwasmainlyduetorecordcropsinChina,VietNamandIndia.ProductioninChinaincreased9.5%overtherecordin2005,to1.05milliont.in2006,throughGovernmentpoliciestoincreaseruralhouseholdincomes.Expansionof28percentinVietNamgaveanoutputof133,000tasteabushesreachedoptimumyields.Indiahada3%increaseinharvestoutputof945,000tfortheyear.Thisgrowthoffsetothermajorcountries,KenyaandSriLanka,whereoutputdeclinedby6and1.6%,respectively.ExportsEparedto1.53milliont.in2005(Table2).IncreasedshipmentsfromSriLanka,IndiaandVietNamoffsetmajordeclinesinKenyaandIndonesia,downby12.4and7%.TeaexportsfromSriLankareached314,900in2006,againof5.4%,whileexportsfromVietNamandIndiaexpandedby24and14%.TheincreasewasduetoexpansionintradetotheNearEast,withtheirgrowthandstrengthoftheeconomiesintheregion.SignificantgrowthwasalsoachievedbyRwanda,andTanzania,whileshipmentsfromChinawererelativelyunchanged.DeclineinexportsfromKenyawereaffectedbypoliticaluncertaintyinPakistan,itsmajorma。