亨利菲尔丁ppt.ppt

Father of the English Novel,Fielding, Henry,Brief Introduction about the author,Fielding, Henry (1707-1754), English novelist, playwright, and barrister, who, with his contemporary Samuel Richardson, established the English novel tradition. Fielding was born at Sharpham Park, Somerset, and educated at Eton College (between 1719 and 1725) and in law at the Leiden University.,,Brief Introduction about the author,Brief Introduction about the author,Miscellanies (3 volumes, 1743) Two volumes of political journalism: The True Patriot (1745) and The Jacobite's Journal (1747) The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) in the picaresque (以流浪汉和无赖为题材的) tradition, involving the adventures and misadventures of a roguish hero Amelia (1751),Brief Introduction about the author,In 1752 he returned to political writing as publisher of the periodical The Covent Garden Journal. However, illness forced him to relinquish his post as magistrate in 1753.,Brief Introduction about the author,菲尔丁自身生活非常穷苦，那就是他为什么同情贫穷和不幸，在他的小说中与社会不公和政治腐败抗争。

作为一个受教育的人，他相信文学的教育作用他分享了同一时代的英国启蒙思想家的观点，小说的目的不仅是搞笑，而是指导作用小说的目标是展现生活的忠实的图片，“人类方式的翻版”，教他们的纹路，以至教人们如何了解他们自己，他们正常和适合的方式His works:,His famous plays: The Coffee House Politician (1730)《咖啡店政客》 The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730)《悲剧中的悲剧》 Pasquin 讽刺诗(1736) The Historical Register for the Year 历史记事 His Novels: Joseph Andrews 约瑟夫.安德鲁 The History of Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人乔纳森.维尔德传 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事 Amelia阿尔米亚,Writing Techniques and Style,His method of relating a story: It may be told in a series of letters; It may be put in the mouth of the principal character; It may be told directly by the author.,,Writing Techniques and Style,His two kinds of satires: 1.humorous satire (the lighter kind of satire)---seems the best way to get rid of the follies of the general public. 2. grim严酷 satire---is used to lash the cardinal evils of the corrupt ruling class. (Jonathan Wild the Great),Achievement in English novel,Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose（散文体喜剧史诗）,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.,Achievement in English novel,Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either in the epistolary（书信的） form (a series of letters), as in Richardson‘s Pamela, or the picaresque （传奇式流浪冒险的）form (adventurous wanderings) through the mouth of the principal character, as in Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe,,Achievement in English novel,Fielding adopted “ the third-person narration,” in which the author becomes the “all-knowing God.” He “thinks the thought” of all his characters, so he is able-to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.,Achievement in English novel,His language is easy, unlabored （自然的，流利的）and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness.,菲尔丁被认作是“英国小说之父”，因为他对现代小说形式建立的贡献。

他是在理论和实践上第一个开始的十八世纪的所有小说家，特别是写了“散文体喜剧史诗”，给了现代小说以结构和方式在他之前，小说相关的故事理查德逊的《帕梅拉》为代表的书信形式（一系列的信件），或者是或者是通过主要人物的讲述，例如笛福的《鲁宾逊漂流记》的传奇式流浪冒险的形式但是菲尔丁采纳“第三人称叙述“，在这里面作者变为“无所不知的神”他所有的人物都思考思想，因此他能够不仅展现他们外部的行为，而且也展现他们头脑的内部作品在他的故事中，他试图保持古典作品的史诗形式，但是同时对像他的现实展现他的语言是容易的，流利的和熟悉的，但是极度灵活和有力的他的句子是以罗技和韵律为标记，他的结构仔细地指向必然的结尾他的作品也是以灵活的，戏剧的对话和其他的例如悬念，一致而出乎意外Achievement in English novel,The Themes,In his works Fielding strongly criticized social relations in the contemporary England. Aristocrats and men set in authority embody all the evils; they persecute the heroes and obstruct their every move and action. His positive characters are always people with natural, unperverted feelings.,The Theme,Fielding shows the 18th century love of satire. He hates that hypocrisy which tries to conceal itself under a mask of morality. In the evolution of the plots of his novels, he invariably puts such characters in positions which tear away their mask. He displays almost savage pleasure in making them ridiculous.,《Tom Jones》,★the plot ★the theme ★writing skills ★the influence,Example:,,,,The list of Main Characters and the Relationships,Squire Allworthy,,Squire Western,,Bridget Allworthy,Captain Blifil,Tom Jones,Sophia Western,Honour,Miss Western,Benjamin Partridge Jenny Jones即Mrs. Waters Lord Fellamar Lady Bellaston,Mr. Summer,Master Blifil,,,,,,Black George Seagrim Molly Seagrim,,,,Roger Thwackum Thomas Square,,,,Squire Allworthy was a benevolent gentleman of Somersetshire who lived with his siste。