江苏专用高中英语Unit3BacktothepastPeriodOneWelcometotheunitReading课件牛津译林版必修.ppt

Book 3　Unit 3 ——Back to the pastScientific Assumption：：the Real Cause of the Roman Empire CollapsingClimate change could have been responsible for bringing down the Roman Empire，，scientists believe.Researchers studied ancient tree growth rings to show links between climate change and major events in human history such as migrations，，plague and the rise and fall of empires.话题语篇导读They discovered that periods of warm，，wet weather coincided with periods of prosperity，，while droughts or varying conditions occurred at times of political upheaval such as the demise of the Roman Empire.To match the environmental record with the historical one，，researchers looked at more than 7,200 tree fossils from the past 2,500 years.The study，，published in the journal Science，，said：：The rise and fall of past civilizations have been associated with environmental change，，mainly due to effects on water supply and agricultural productivity，，human health and civil conflict.Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and Medieval prosperity.Increased climate variability from AD 250 to 600 coincided with the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the turmoil of the Migration Period.Notes1.plague n.瘟疫瘟疫2.coincide v.同时发生同时发生3.upheaval n.剧变剧变4.demise n.终止，失败终止，失败5.turmoil n.动乱动乱Task根据上文完成下列各题根据上文完成下列各题1.According to the scientists，，what caused the fall of the Roman Empire?2.What do scientists think the summers were like during periods of Roman prosperity?答案Climate change.Wet and warm.Period One　　Welcome to the unit & Reading课前预习 梳理·记忆·理解课堂讲义 感悟·归纳·应用当堂达标 综合·巩固·反馈ⅠⅠ.单词自测单词自测1. n.文明文明 vt.使文明，使开化使文明，使开化2. n.讲座讲座3. vt.创建，兴建创建，兴建 (过去式过去式) (过去分词过去分词)4. vi.(火山等火山等)爆发爆发 n.爆发，喷发爆发，喷发答案n 词语识记 课前预习civilizationcivilizelecturefoundfoundedfoundederupteruption5. vi.涌流，倾泻；涌流，倾泻； vt.倒出倒出(液体液体)6. adj.不幸的，遗憾的不幸的，遗憾的7. vt.装饰，装潢装饰，装潢 n.装饰；装饰品装饰；装饰品8. vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 (过去式过去式) (过去分词过去分词)9. n.研究者，调查者研究者，调查者 n.调查，研究；调查，研究； vt.从事从事…………的研究，为的研究，为…………而做研究而做研究pourunfortunatedecoratedecorationfleefledfledresearcherresearch答案答案10. n.灾难灾难11. vt.摧毁，毁坏摧毁，毁坏12. adj.商业的，贸易的商业的，贸易的13. adj.富有的，富裕的富有的，富裕的 n.财产，财富财产，财富14. adv.渐渐地，逐渐地渐渐地，逐渐地 adj.逐渐的逐渐的15. adj.文化的文化的 n.文化文化16. n.废墟；毁坏；废墟；毁坏； vt.破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭disasterdestroy commercialwealthywealthgraduallygradualculturalcultureruin答案17. n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸遗物，遗迹，遗骸 vi.剩下，留下剩下，留下 adj.剩余的剩余的18. prep.在在…………之下之下19. n.材料；物质；材料；物质； adj.物质的物质的20. vi.爆炸爆炸 n.爆炸爆炸 adj.爆炸的，易爆炸的爆炸的，易爆炸的21. adv.& adj.在附近在附近(的的)remainsremainremainingbeneathmaterialexplodeexplosionexplosivenearbyⅡⅡ.短语自测短语自测1.protect... 保护保护…………免受免受…………2.be known 作为作为…………而出名而出名3.take 夺取；接管夺取；接管4.be buried 被活埋被活埋5.be decorated 装饰着装饰着…………6.turn 证明是；结果是证明是；结果是7.break (身体身体)垮掉；分解；垮掉；分解；(机器等机器等)出故障出故障8.together 和和…………一起一起9.cut 砍倒砍倒10.result 导致导致…………答案fromasoveralivewithoutdownwithdownin答案12345ⅠⅠ.阅读课文，选出最佳答案阅读课文，选出最佳答案1.What happened soon after the ruins of Pompeii was founded?A.It was well protected by the local government.B.It was dug by the Italian archaeologist Giuseppe.C.It was badly damaged by people digging in the area for treasure.D.The bodies of people were buried by local people.答案答案　　Cn 课文预读答案2.When did the Italian government start to protect the Roman city?A.In 89 BC. B.2,000 years ago.C.100 years ago. D.In 1860.答案答案　　D12345答案3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Both of the two cities are lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago.B.Both of the two cities were discovered by local people.C.Pompeii was destroyed by a volcano while Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms.D.Pompeii was in Italy while Loulan was in China.答案答案　　B12345答案4.Which is NOT true about Loulan?A.It was on the Silk Road.B.It was a wealthy commercial city.C.It disappeared suddenly.D.Not all people think it was covered over by sandstorms.答案答案　　C12345答案5.The purpose of writing this passage is .A.to show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sitesB.to arouse people’’s sense of protecting civilizationsC.to compare the civilizations of Pompeii and LoulanD.to tell us how Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed12345B答案ⅡⅡ.阅读课文完成下表，每空一词阅读课文完成下表，每空一词1. citiesPompeii LoulanWhen it was busy and wealthyIn 89 BC the Romans 4. over the city，，and it became busy and rich.2,000 years ago，，it was busy and wealthy. It was the 8. point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West.AncienttookstoppingHow it 2.On 24 August，，AD 79，，the volcano erupted and then the city as well as many people there was buried 5. .From AD 200 to AD 400 the city was gradually covered over by 9. .How and by whom it was 3.In the 18th century，，a farmer discovered a stone with 6. on it. In 1860，，the area was put under 7. protection.Around the year 1900，，the European 10. Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.disappeareddiscoveredalivesandstormswritinggovernmentexplorer答案ⅢⅢ.难句分析难句分析When I walked around the city，，I saw streets just as they had been，，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!句式分析：句式分析：when引导引导 从从句句，，主主句句的的主主干干是是I saw streets，，而而as they had been用作用作 状状语语，，介介词词短短语语with stepping stones along the road是是streets的的，连词，连词so后接后接 从句。

从句自主翻译：自主翻译：返回答案时间状语时间状语方式方式结果状语结果状语定语定语 当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！ 课堂讲义n 重点单词1found(1)(教材教材P42)The city was founded in the 8th century BC.这座城市建立于公元前这座城市建立于公元前8世纪2)The story is founded on fact.这故事有真事作根据这故事有真事作根据3)He laid the foundation of his success by study and hard work.他通过学习和努力工作为成功打下了基础他通过学习和努力工作为成功打下了基础[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ][ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ](1)found vt.兴建，创建，创办兴建，创建，创办be founded on/upon建立在建立在…………之上之上(2)foundation n.基础；地基基础；地基解析答案(1)My parents’’ marriage love and mutual respect.我父母的婚姻建立在爱和相互尊重的基础之上。

我父母的婚姻建立在爱和相互尊重的基础之上2) in the early 20th century，，the school keeps on inspiring children’’s love of art.(2013·安徽，安徽，32)A.To found B.FoundingC.Founded D.Having founded解解析析　　句句意意为为：：这这所所学学校校创创建建于于20世世纪纪早早期期，，它它一一直直激激励励着着孩孩子子们们对对于于艺艺术术的的热热爱爱the school与与found之之间间构构成成被被动动关关系系，，故故应应用用过过去去分分词词表表被被动，故选动，故选C[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]Cwas founded on/upon[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]2(1)(教教材材P42)On 24 August AD 79，，the volcano erupted and lava，，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.公公元元79年年8月月24日日，，这这座座火火山山喷喷发发了了。

岩岩浆浆、、火火山山灰灰及及岩岩石石喷喷涌涌而而出出，，全全部倾泻到了四周的乡村部倾泻到了四周的乡村2)By the time the group got up to leave，，it was pouring outside.(2016·全全国国ⅢⅢ)到这个小组起身离开时，外面下着倾盆大雨到这个小组起身离开时，外面下着倾盆大雨3)Tears poured down his cheeks.眼泪顺着他的面颊流了下来眼泪顺着他的面颊流了下来pour[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]pour vi.涌流，倾泻；涌流，倾泻；vt.倒出倒出( (液体液体) )pour into 涌入涌入pour sth.into...把把…………倒入倒入…………pour out倾吐，诉说倾吐，诉说pour down( (使使) )倾泻，倾泻，( (使使) )往下流往下流pour out of涌出，喷射涌出，喷射(4)Thick smoke was pouring out of the roof.浓烟从屋顶滚滚地冒出浓烟从屋顶滚滚地冒出(1)People the city.人们涌入城中人们涌入城中2)She all her troubles to him.她向他倾诉自己所有的烦恼。

她向他倾诉自己所有的烦恼3)He some hot water into the glass and then cooled it down.A.poured B.poursC.would pour D.was poured解解析析　　句句意意为为：：他他向向杯杯子子里里倒倒了了些些热热水水，，然然后后使使它它变变凉凉由由and可可知知，，此此处需要谓语且应用过去式，故选处需要谓语且应用过去式，故选A[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]A解析答案poured intopoured out[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]3(1)(教教 材材 P42)I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.我看见几所装饰着壁画的房子我看见几所装饰着壁画的房子2)They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩彩 带带 ) and party lights.(2015·北京北京)他们用彩带和派对用灯装饰公寓他们用彩带和派对用灯装饰公寓3)There is no decoration，，only flat surfaces.(2014·湖北湖北)这里没有装饰，只有平坦的表面。

这里没有装饰，只有平坦的表面decorate[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ](1)decorate vt.装饰，装潢，布置装饰，装潢，布置decorate....with...用用…………装饰装饰…………(2)decoration n.装饰；装饰品装饰；装饰品(1)She her room some .她用一些装饰品装饰了她的房间她用一些装饰品装饰了她的房间2)The wedding is near，，so Linda is occupied with the work of her new house now.A.repairing B.mendingC.decorating D.selling解解析析　　句句意意为为：：婚婚期期将将近近，，因因此此琳琳达达现现在在忙忙于于布布置置新新房房repair/mend修修理，修补；理，修补；decorate装饰，布置；装饰，布置；sell卖结合句意可知卖结合句意可知C项正确[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]解析答案Cdecoratedwithdecorations[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]4(1)(教教材材P43)It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原原来来，，火火山山灰灰覆覆盖盖了了没没能能逃逃离离城城市市的的人人，，他他们们的的身身体体几几乎乎全全部部烧烧化化消消失失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。

了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当2)When the bombing started，，people fled to places of safety.轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带flee(3)The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions，，but few of them could escape.敌人四散而逃，可是很少能有人逃脱掉敌人四散而逃，可是很少能有人逃脱掉4)Why does she always flee(from)any kind of responsibility?她为什么总是逃脱任何一种责任？她为什么总是逃脱任何一种责任？[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]flee v.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开逃避，逃跑；迅速离开flee from从从…………逃跑逃跑flee away逃离逃离flee to/into逃到逃到…………flee in all directions 四处逃窜四处逃窜flee ( (from) ) responsibility逃避责任逃避责任注意：注意：flee无被动形式，其过去式、过去分词均为无被动形式，其过去式、过去分词均为fled。

(1)He never at the first sight of danger.他从不一见危险就跑他从不一见危险就跑2)All the animals .所有的动物都逃离了火场所有的动物都逃离了火场3)All the teachers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened.A.flee B.flush C.sneak D.slip解析解析　句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼　句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼flee逃离，符合语境，故选逃离，符合语境，故选A[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]Aflees awayfled (from) the fire解析答案[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]5(1)(教教材材P43)A scholar from the local cultural institute，，Professor Zhang，，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.一一位位来来自自于于当当地地文文化化研研究究所所的的学学者者张张教教授授告告诉诉我我们们，，大大约约在在1900年年前前后后，，欧洲探险家斯文欧洲探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。

赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹2)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，，they found their neighborhood in ruins.(2016·北京北京)第二天当他们回到洛克威时，发现他们的街区在一片废墟中第二天当他们回到洛克威时，发现他们的街区在一片废墟中ruin[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]ruin n.废墟，遗迹废墟，遗迹( (常用作复数形式常用作复数形式) )；；vt.毁灭，使破产毁灭，使破产be in ruins严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪fall into ruin灭亡，荒芜灭亡，荒芜ruin oneself自取灭亡自取灭亡ruin one’’s health/fame/prospects毁坏某人的健康毁坏某人的健康/名誉名誉/前途前途(3)The castle has fallen into ruin.那座城堡已破败不堪那座城堡已破败不堪4)He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途他因疏忽大意而断送了前途ruin/damage/destroy(1)ruin亦亦指指彻彻底底毁毁掉掉，，但但不不含含有有以以某某种种摧摧毁毁性性的的力力量量进进行行破破坏坏，，而而含含有有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。

在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征2)damage是是程程度度较较小小的的““破破坏坏，，损损坏坏””，，强强调调价价值值、、用用途途降降低低或或外外表表损损坏等；一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复坏等；一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复3)destroy常常指指彻彻底底的的、、不不能能或或很很难难修修复复的的““破破坏坏，，毁毁坏坏””，，程程度度较较深深，，强强调调““毁毁坏坏””的的力力度度和和彻彻底底性性；；也也可可用用于于损损坏坏抽抽象象的的东东西西，，比比如如名名誉誉、、计划、努力、契约等计划、努力、契约等[ [易混辨析易混辨析] ](1)选词填空选词填空①①That mistake his chance of getting the job.②②The heavy rain the house and the owner wanted to have it repaired.③③His action the remaining hope of reaching an agreement.　　[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]destroy；；ruin；；damageruineddamageddestroyed答案(2)I got caught in the rain and my suit .A.has ruined B.had ruinedC.has been ruined D.had been ruined解解析析　　考考查查时时态态和和语语态态。

现现在在完完成成时时可可表表示示过过去去发发生生的的动动作作对对现现在在造造成成的的影影响响，，句句中中发发生生于于过过去去的的动动作作““衣衣服服被被淋淋湿湿了了””对对现现在在造造成成了了影影响响，，其中其中ruin与与my suit是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故选是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故选C解析答案C(3)Farmers great importance to this harvest after the last severe flood，，but unfortunately，，the storm the crops，， the hope of the farmers. A.attached；；destroyed；；ruiningB.linked；；damaged；；ruinedC.paid；；harmed；；destroyingD.applied；；hurt；；damaged解解析析　　attach great importance to sth.非非常常重重视视…………；；destroy彻彻底底破破坏坏；；ruin the hope of...毁了毁了…………的希望，故选的希望，故选 A。

答案答案　　A解析答案[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]6(1)(教教材材P43)Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，，together with a lot of treasures，，including coins，，painted pots，，material such as silk，，documents and wall paintings.斯斯文文发发现现了了那那深深埋埋于于沙沙下下的的古古建建筑筑遗遗迹迹以以及及许许多多珍珍宝宝，，包包括括钱钱币币、、带带有有图图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画2)His remains are buried in the churchyard.他的尸体埋葬在教堂的墓地里他的尸体埋葬在教堂的墓地里remain[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ](1)remains n.[pl.]古古代代遗遗物物，，古古迹迹，，遗遗址址；；遗遗体体遗遗骸骸；；剩剩余余物物，，残残留留物物，，剩饭菜剩饭菜(2)remain vi.留留下下；；剩剩下下；；停停留留；；依依旧旧，，仍仍然然是是(用用作作系系动动词词，，后后接接形形容容词、名词、分词和介词短语词、名词、分词和介词短语)(3)remaining adj.剩下的，剩余的剩下的，剩余的(3)We found the remains of a meal on the table.我们在桌上发现了剩下的饭菜。

我们在桌上发现了剩下的饭菜4)I went to the city，，but my brother remained at home.我进了城，但是我弟弟待在家里我进了城，但是我弟弟待在家里(1) whether you are right.你是否正确，以后可见分晓你是否正确，以后可见分晓2)The will serve the audience.剩下的学生将为观众们服务剩下的学生将为观众们服务[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]It remains to be seenremaining students答案(3)After the dinner party, most guests left, with only two of them in the host family，， him clear up.A.remaining；；helpedB.remaining；；helpingC.remained；；helpedD.remained；；helping解解析析　　句句意意为为：：晚晚宴宴过过后后，，大大部部分分客客人人都都离离开开了了，，只只有有两两位位客客人人留留在在主主人人家家，，帮帮助助他他收收拾拾。

这这是是with的的复复合合结结构构，，two of them和和remain是是主主动动关关系系，，所所以以这这里里是是with＋＋宾宾语语＋＋doing；；动动词词help的的逻逻辑辑主主语语也也是是two of them，所以也用，所以也用­ing形式，故选形式，故选B答案答案　　B解析答案[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]7(1)(教材教材P45)Then，，on 24 August，，the mountain exploded，，...然后，在然后，在8月月24日，这座山爆炸了，日，这座山爆炸了，…………(2)The boss exploded with anger when he saw the sales report.老板看了销售额报告后勃然大怒老板看了销售额报告后勃然大怒3)We were almost deafened by the explosion.爆炸声几乎把我们的耳朵震聋爆炸声几乎把我们的耳朵震聋explode[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ](1)explode vt.& vi (使使)爆炸；爆发；突发爆炸；爆发；突发explode with/into突然爆发，迸发突然爆发，迸发(感情感情)explode into laughter哄然大笑哄然大笑explode with anger因愤怒而发作因愤怒而发作(2)explosion n.爆炸爆炸(声声)；爆发；爆发(3)explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸性的易爆炸的；爆炸性的(1)Do you feel that you’’ll in front of her?你觉得你会在她面前勃然大怒吗？你觉得你会在她面前勃然大怒吗？(2)The speaker’’s mistake was so funny that the audience .那位演说者的错误是如此可笑，以至于听众们哄然大笑。

那位演说者的错误是如此可笑，以至于听众们哄然大笑[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]答案explode with angerlaughterexploded into(3)Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs in central London.A.employed B.exploredC.exploited D.exploded解析解析　考查动词词义辨析句意为：两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后，　考查动词词义辨析句意为：两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街employ雇用；雇用；explore勘探，探测；勘探，探测；exploit开发，开拓；开发，开拓；explode爆炸结合句意可知选爆炸结合句意可知选D解析答案D[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]n 重点短语(1)(教材教材P42)In 89 BC，，the Romans took over Pompeii.公元前公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城年，罗马人占领了庞贝城2)Was it in 1948 that the government took over the railways in Great Britain?英国政府是在英国政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？年接管铁路的吗？1take over(3)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，，thus warming the house.(2015·全全国国ⅡⅡ)用用砖砖做做的的墙墙体体，，在在炎炎热热的的天天气气里里，，从从太太阳阳中中吸吸收收热热，，在在寒寒冷冷的的夜夜晚晚慢慢慢慢地放出热量，从而使房子变暖。

地放出热量，从而使房子变暖4)He took off his glasses and looked up.他取下眼镜，抬头看了看他取下眼镜，抬头看了看[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]take over夺取；接管夺取；接管take in吸收；理解；欺骗吸收；理解；欺骗take off脱下脱下( (衣物衣物) )；；( (飞机飞机) )起飞等起飞等take on雇用；呈现雇用；呈现( (面貌面貌) )take up占据；开始从事；拿起占据；开始从事；拿起take down拆掉；记下，记录拆掉；记下，记录(1)用适当的介、副词填空用适当的介、副词填空①①He is taking my job while I am on holiday.②②Our plane takes at 8 o’’clock.③③When he left school，，he took painting for a while.④④You should take what the teacher will say in the next class.⑤⑤The company decided to take a new secretary.[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]答案overoffupdownon(2)Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.(2015·陕西，陕西，25)A.take up B.put upC.add up D.break up解解析析　　考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。

句句意意为为：：彼彼得得将将于于下下个个月月底底就就任任旅旅行行社社负负责责人人的的职职位位take up开开始始从从事事，，符符合合句句意意put up张张贴贴，，举举起起，，建建造造；；add up增加，合计；增加，合计；break up打碎，解散，结束，分手，故选打碎，解散，结束，分手，故选A解析答案A(3)As soon as he graduated from college, he his father’’s business.A.took in B.took upC.took over D.took on解解析析　　句句意意为为：：大大学学毕毕业业后后，，他他就就接接管管了了父父亲亲的的生生意意take over接接管管，，符合句意符合句意take in欺骗；欺骗；take up占据；占据；take on呈现，故选呈现，故选C解析答案C[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ](1)(教教材材P43)It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，， their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原原来来，，火火山山灰灰覆覆盖盖了了没没能能逃逃离离城城市市的的人人，，他他们们的的身身体体几几乎乎全全部部烧烧化化消消失失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。

了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当2)I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，，and it turned out well.(2015·重庆重庆)我在火车上大声地读了我的报纸，结果很好我在火车上大声地读了我的报纸，结果很好2turn out(3)If you need some help slowing down，，turn on relaxing music.(2015·全国全国ⅡⅡ)如果你需要一些帮助来放慢速度，打开轻松的音乐如果你需要一些帮助来放慢速度，打开轻松的音乐4)Why did she turn down your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？她为什么拒绝你的邀请？[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]turn out结果是，证明结果是，证明( (是是) )；原来是；生产；原来是；生产turn on打开打开turn off关掉关掉turn down关小；调低；拒绝关小；调低；拒绝turn up到来；露面；被发现，被找到到来；露面；被发现，被找到turn over移交移交turn to转向；求助于转向；求助于turn into变成变成(1)选词填空选词填空①①When the sports hero at our party，，he was welcomed with open arms.②②I would，，indeed，， the evidence to the police.③③New technologies have made it possible new products faster and at a lower cost.④④Don’’t the computer before closing all programs，，or you could have problems.⑤⑤If nothing is done，，the oceans will fish deserts.[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]turn into；；turn over；；turn up；；turn off；；turn outturned upoverturnto turn out turn offturn into答案(2)Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.(2015·天津，天津，10)A.turn in B.turn downC.turn over D.turn to解解析析　　考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。

句句意意为为：：因因为为太太忙忙，，上上周周末末汤汤姆姆不不得得不不拒拒绝绝了了聚聚会会的的邀邀请请turn down拒拒绝绝，，符符合合语语境境turn in上上交交；；turn over (使使)翻翻转，调转；转，调转；turn to (使使)转向，求助于，故选转向，求助于，故选B解析答案B[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ](1)(教教材材P43)It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，， their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原原来来，，火火山山灰灰覆覆盖盖了了没没能能逃逃离离城城市市的的人人，，他他们们的的身身体体几几乎乎全全部部烧烧化化消消失失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当2)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.体体内的化学成分把我们吃的食物分解为有用的物质。

内的化学成分把我们吃的食物分解为有用的物质3)The washing machine seems to have broken down again.洗衣机好像又出故障了洗衣机好像又出故障了3break down[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]break down分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚break ( (sth.) ) up破裂，解散；破碎；破裂，解散；破碎；( (将某物将某物) )打碎，撞碎打碎，撞碎break away脱离；放弃；逃跑脱离；放弃；逃跑break in闯进；打断闯进；打断break into闯入；侵占闯入；侵占break out爆发爆发break through突破；突围突破；突围(4)Jim began to break the ice up on the frozen lake.吉姆开始砸碎湖面上结的冰吉姆开始砸碎湖面上结的冰(1)用适当的介、副词填空用适当的介、副词填空①①His health broke from the stress of the new job.②②My girlfriend had broken with me.③③It will take ten years to break the cultural barriers.④④Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ?[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]答案downupthroughout(2)After working until midnight for two weeks，，he finally and had to stay in the hospital.A.broke out B.gave inC.broke down D.gave up解析解析　考查动词短语辨析。

句意为：在两周持续工作到深夜后，最终他的　考查动词短语辨析句意为：在两周持续工作到深夜后，最终他的身体垮掉了，不得不住进了医院身体垮掉了，不得不住进了医院break down(身体身体)垮掉，符合题意垮掉，符合题意break out (战争、火灾等战争、火灾等) 突然发生；突然发生；give in 屈服；屈服；give up放弃，故选放弃，故选C解析答案C[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ]n 经典句式(1)(教材教材P42)I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.能获得这次旅行的机会，我感到非常幸运能获得这次旅行的机会，我感到非常幸运2)(教材教材P43)I am so excited to be here!来到这里我很兴奋！来到这里我很兴奋！(3)We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in this project.能在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴能在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴4)Lisa was sorry to have done that to him.对他做了那样的事，莉萨觉得很后悔。

对他做了那样的事，莉萨觉得很后悔1情感类形容词＋不定式短语情感类形容词＋不定式短语[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]句句( (1) )中中情情感感类类形形容容词词lucky后后接接不不定定式式短短语语的的完完成成式式to have won a place on this trip作作原原因因状状语语，，不不定定式式动动作作发发生生在在谓谓语语动动词词所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前，，所所以以用用了了动动词词不不定定式式的的完完成成式式；；句句( (2) )中中情情感感类类形形容容词词excited后后接接不不定定式式短语短语to be here作原因状语作原因状语1)I’’m sorry to .对不起，让你久等了对不起，让你久等了2)I’’m glad here.我很荣幸应邀来到这里我很荣幸应邀来到这里[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]have kept you waitingto be invited答案(3)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy anything that happened to be on.(2012·大纲全国大纲全国ⅡⅡ)A.to watch B.watchingC.watched D.to have watched解解析析　　句句意意为为：：这这位位老老人人每每天天晚晚上上都都坐坐在在电电视视机机前前，，快快乐乐地地观观看看电电视视上上播播放放的的任任何何节节目目。

adj.＋＋to do sth.表表示示“……“……地地做做某某事事””，，happy to do sth.意意为为““快快乐乐地地做做某某事事””；；空空格格部部分分很很像像伴伴随随状状语语，，所所以以很很容容易易误误选选B项项，，但但是是修修饰饰watching应应用用副副词词happily；；C项项watched与与句句子子的的主主语语是是被被动动关关系系，，不不符符合合语语境境；；D项项to have watched表表示示发发生生在在谓谓语语动动词词所所表表示示的的动动作作之前，故选之前，故选A[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]解析答案A[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ](1)(教材教材P42)Near the city was a volcano.在城市附近有一座火山在城市附近有一座火山2)In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授3)On the desk were some flowers.桌上放着一些鲜花桌上放着一些鲜花4)Beyond the river lives an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。

有个老渔夫住在河的对岸2表示地点的副词或介词短语位于句首的倒装表示地点的副词或介词短语位于句首的倒装[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]教教材材原原句句为为完完全全倒倒装装句句当当句句首首为为表表示示地地点点的的副副词词或或介介词词短短语语，，主主语语是是名名词词而而不不是是代代词词，，且且谓谓语语动动词词是是be，，stand，，sit，，lie，，come等等动动词词时时，，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构(1)Here .你要的书在这儿你要的书在这儿2)John opened the door.There he had never seen before.A.a girl did stand B.a girl stoodC.did a girl stand D.stood a girl解析解析　句意为：约翰打开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里　句意为：约翰打开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里以以here，，there，，up，，down等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面。

装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]解析答案Dis the book you want(3)In front of our house we used to swim.A.a river lies thatB.does a river lie where C.lies a river whichD.lies a river where解析解析　句意为：我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳　句意为：我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳in front of our house是介词短语，介词短语放在句首时，句子要完全倒装，是介词短语，介词短语放在句首时，句子要完全倒装，排除排除A、、B两项；后面是定语从句，两项；后面是定语从句，a river是先行词，定语从句是先行词，定语从句we used to swim中缺少地点状语，要用中缺少地点状语，要用where引导所以选引导所以选D解析答案D[ [语境感悟语境感悟] ](1)(教教材材P43)It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.据信，从公元据信，从公元200年至公元年至公元400年它已被沙尘暴逐渐掩埋了。

年它已被沙尘暴逐渐掩埋了2)Friday is believed to be an unlucky day.据信星期五是不吉利的日子据信星期五是不吉利的日子3)It is said that the couple have got divorced.据说那对夫妻已经离婚了据说那对夫妻已经离婚了4)It is reported that all the passengers died in the plane crash.据报道，在这次坠机事故中，所有的乘客都遇难了据报道，在这次坠机事故中，所有的乘客都遇难了3It is＋＋­­ed＋＋to do...[ [归纳拓展归纳拓展] ]Sb./Sth.is believed to do.../to have done...( (表表示示已已经经完完成成的的动动作作) )这这是是一一个个固固定定句句型型，，这这种种结结构构常常可可转转换换为为It is believed that...，，it为为形形式式主主语语，，真真正正的的主主语语是是that引引导导的的主主语语从从句句，，且且that不不能能省省略略，，意意为为““据据信信…………，，普普遍遍认为认为……”……”。

类似的结构还有：类似的结构还有：It is said that...据说据说…………It is announced that...据宣布据宣布…………It is supposed that...人们认为人们认为…………It is known that...众所周知众所周知…………It is reported that...据报道据报道…………It is hoped that...人们希望人们希望…………It is thought that...人们认为人们认为…………(1)句型转换句型转换①①It is said that he won this game.→→ this game.②②He is known to be one of the best teachers in our school.→→ he is one of the best teachers in our school.[ [即时跟踪即时跟踪] ]Heis said tohavewonItisknownthat答案(2)He is thought foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2014·江西，江西，34)A.to act B.to have actedC.acting D.having acted解解析析　　考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。

Sb.be thought to...某某人人被被认认为为…………，，是是固固定定句句式式句句意意为为：：他他被被认认为为是是举举止止愚愚蠢蠢的的，，现现在在失失去去这这份份工工作作他他只只能能责责怪怪自自己己，，不不能能怨怨别别人人根根据据句句意意可可知知，，他他表表现现很很糟糟糕糕是是在在丢丢掉掉工工作作之之前前，，所所以用不定式的完成式故以用不定式的完成式故B项正确解析答案B(3)Loulan, an ancient city in China, is generally believed over gradually by sandstorms.A.covering B.to be coveredC.to have been covered D.having been covered解解析析　　句句意意为为：：楼楼兰兰，，中中国国的的一一个个古古老老的的城城市市，，被被人人们们普普遍遍认认为为已已逐逐渐渐被被沙沙尘尘暴暴覆覆盖盖这这里里是是句句型型sb./sth. is believed to do sth.，，根根据据句句意意可可知知，，已已经经被被沙沙尘尘暴暴覆覆盖盖，，应应该该是是表表被被动动，，表表完完成成，，应应用用不不定定式式的的完完成成式式，，所所以用以用to have been covered。

返回C解析答案答案 当堂达标ⅠⅠ.单词拼写单词拼写1.Chinese (文明文明) is one of the oldest cultures in the world.2.Blood was (涌出，流出涌出，流出) from the wound.3.We will try our best to help those (不幸的不幸的) people.4.He suddenly became (富富有有的的)，，which changed his whole model of life.5.I went to a workshop and (逐逐渐渐地地) got good at making things with clay(黏土黏土).(2016·天津天津)ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣcivilizationpouringunfortunatewealthygraduallyⅡ.选词填空选词填空答案take over；；break down；；result in；；turn out；；together with1.His hard work excellent grades in his exams.2.The elevators in this building are always .3.They have our firm by buying up shares.4.The rich man，， a lot of treasures，，was buried beneath the sand.5.The weather to be fine.ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣresulted inbreaking downtaken overtogether withturned out ⅢⅢ.完成句子完成句子1.On her left .她左边坐着她的丈夫。

她左边坐着她的丈夫2.I’’m glad .见到你我很高兴见到你我很高兴3. the city is!这座城市多么美丽啊！这座城市多么美丽啊！4.I visited him .我去看他，结果却发现他出去了我去看他，结果却发现他出去了5. no passenger was injured in the accident.据报道在事故中没有乘客受伤据报道在事故中没有乘客受伤答案ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣsat her husbandto see youHow beautifulonly to find him outIt is reported thatⅣⅣ.单项填空单项填空1.Science and engineering students often themselves in books instead of going to dances and the cinema.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.bury B.hideC.devote D.cover解解析析　　句句意意为为：：科科学学系系和和工工程程系系的的学学生生经经常常埋埋头头于于书书本本，，而而不不去去舞舞会会或或者者电电影影院院。

bury oneself in...““埋埋头头于于…………，，专专心心于于……”……”，，固固定定短短语语，，符符合合语境，故选语境，故选A解析答案ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣA2.The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A.broke down B.broke outC.broke up D.broke in解解析析　　考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析break down分分解解，，发发生生故故障障；；break out(战战争争、、火火灾灾)爆爆发发；；break up破破裂裂，，解解散散，，破破碎碎；；break in闯闯进进根根据据语语境境可可知知A项正确解析答案ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣA3.Two middle­­aged passengers fell into the sea. ，，neither of them could swim.A.In fact B.LuckilyC.Unfortunately D.Naturally解解析析　　unfortunately常常用用来来表表示示一一种种不不好好的的结结果果，，译译做做““不不幸幸地地””，，根根据下句的意思可知选据下句的意思可知选C。

解析答案ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣC4.As a successful businessman，，he was so that he never cared how much money he spent.A.happy B.rudeC.wealthy D.healthy解解析析　　句句意意为为：：作作为为一一个个成成功功的的商商人人，，他他是是如如此此富富有有以以至至于于他他从从不不在在乎乎花多少钱花多少钱wealthy富有的解析答案ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣC返回ⅠⅠ ⅡⅡ ⅢⅢ ⅣⅣ5.The girl used to be shy，，but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015·湖北，湖北，29)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely解解析析　　句句意意为为：：这这个个女女孩孩以以前前很很害害羞羞，，但但是是正正逐逐渐渐地地在在小小组组活活动动中中变变得得积积极极起起来来，，而而且且更更愿愿意意表表达达自自己己了了。

根根据据题题干干中中的的is和和getting可可知知，，这这里里表表示示循循序序渐渐进进的的过过程程，，故故选选A项项usually通通常常；；previously先先前前地地；；merely仅仅解析答案A。