Academic Writing in English.ppt

Academic Writing in English Types and features Main sections of academic texts Abstract writing skillsTypes of text A research article written for publication in an academic journal An MSc dissertation An essay written for a university course Features of academic texts answer a specific question, or questions, using a set of well-structured, logical arguments (often based on research carried out by the writer or other researchers) contain references to previous research, which are documented at the end of the text in the form of a bibliography written in an impersonal, objective style characterized by certain language features such as the avoidance of personal and contracted forms, a high lexical density, frequent nominalizations (noun groups) and the use of the passive voice.Main sections of academic texts Introduction Methods Results Discussion Introduction SectionThe Introduction Section should convince readers of the relevance of the study. It identifies a problem in the real world and narrows down the scope of the research into a specific research question that the study attempts to answer. Methods SectionThe Methods Section traditionally outlines how this research was conducted. Results SectionThe Results Section describes the outcome of the research and, together with the Methods Section, comprises the main body of the research. Discussion SectionThe Discussion Section broadens the focus again, relates the study back to the outside world and presents the impact and wider implications of the research. AbstractFunction: provides a summary of the article or report.Types: Informative or DescriptiveInformative abstracts focus on providing the results of the research and describing the conclusions that can be drawn from these resultsDescriptive abstracts aim to provide the reader with brief summaries (1-2 sentences) of each of the four sections of the research report (i.e., Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion) Hypertext is an effective way of organizing and presenting data or text for information retrieval. Computer-based hypermedia tools have been successfully employed for training purposes. However, the manufacturing industry still continues to rely heavily on paper versions of technical manuals for trouble shooting, maintenance, and calibration tasks. This thesis compares the effectiveness of a computer-based hypermedia tool against a paper version of the same manual to assist operators in a local manufacturing industry to perform complex maintenance and calibration tasks AIMS. The results of the study indicate that l) the performance of the subjects were superior while using the hypertext based manual RESULTS; 2) the hypertext system can be used for training even those subjects with minimal computer knowledge RESULTS; and 3) hypertext systems can be considered an effective training delivery system CONCLUSIONS. Various studies in inspection have demonstrated the usefulness of feedforward and feedback in improving performance. However, these studies have looked at the search and decision making components separately. Hence, it is difficult to draw generalized conclusions on the effects of feedforward and feedback for inspection tasks that have both search and decision making components. In response to this need, this study evaluates the individual and collective effect of feedforward and feedback on an inspection task that has both the search and decision-making components AIMS. For this purpose, the study used a computer simulated inspection task generated by the VisIns program. Twenty-four subjects, randomly assigned to various conditions, performed an inspection task wherein the feedforward and the feedback conditions were manipulated between subjects. Subsequently, the search and decision-making performances were analyzed and interpreted PROCEDURES.Abstract structureThe linguist Ken Hyland (2000) has identified five moves to describe the structure of research abstracts. Although all five moves rarely occur in a single abstract, the combination of moves and their ordering depends on the exact field of study and type of research.MOVE 1 Introduction Establishes context of the paper and motivates the research. MOVE 2 Purpose Indicates purpose, thesis or hypothesis, and outlines the intention behind the paper. MOVE 3 Methods Provides information on design, procedures, assumptions, approach, data, etc. MOVE 4 Product States main findings or results, the argument, or what was accomplished. MOVE 5 Conclusion Interprets or extends results beyond the scope of the paper, draws inferences, points to implications, or wider applications. INTRODUCTION By including a brief introduction in their abstract, you can provide readers with enough background information and context to enable them to follow your description of your research. Types of content Arguing for topic prominence Making topic generalizations Defining terms, objects, or processes Identifying a gap in current knowledge 1. Arguing for topic promin。