决策情境中的金钱愉快体验奖赏追求的全过程范式.doc

决策情境中的金钱愉快体验：奖赏追求的全过程范式王 娇12，黄 佳2**，陈楚侨21 中国科学院大学，北京，1000492 中国科学院心理研究所，心理健康重点实验室，神经心理学与应用认知神经科学实验室，北京，100101（通讯作者）huangj@摘要快感缺失是指在参与愉快活动中缺乏愉快情绪的体验以及动机快感缺乏已经成为有基因基础的分裂型人格特质人群和精神分裂症的核心症状之一本研究意在发展一个测量奖赏加工的全过程的范式实验实施过程中，被试完成一系列问卷包括Chapman 社交快感缺失问卷（CSAS）, Chapman 躯体快感缺失问卷 (CPAS), 分裂型人格特质问卷 (SPQ), 当前愉快体验量表 （TEPS）, 正性负性情绪量表 (PANAS),Snaith- Hamilton 愉快体验量表 （SHAPS）我们采用了’Effort’范式中的两个独立的变量——获奖概率（低：12%，中：50%，高：88%）和困难任务的获奖金额（低：0.8元 vs. 高：5元）根据获奖概率和困难任务的奖励金额，被试决定选择完成需要花费更多认知努力的困难任务还是更少认知努力的简单任务 被试还需要对潜在的奖赏进行期待并评价期待愉快程度（期待愉快评价）以及对得到的奖赏时的愉快程度进行评价（消费愉快评价）。

范式中的任务是从四个正立的角中辨认出最大角每一轮任务结束后都会给被试是否完成任务以及是否最终获得奖励的反馈实验结果显示，困难任务的更高金额奖励以及更高的奖励估计值（困难任务奖励金额*获奖概率）带来更多的困难任务的选择（β=0.58, p<0.001; β=0.47, p<0.01）SHAPS总分对困难任务选择的预测作用接近显著水平（β=-0.12, p=0.053）更高的金钱奖励(F (2, 219) = 5.6, p<0.01, pos hoc: 0.5<5, 0.8<5 )和更高的奖赏概率(F(2,219)=17.44, p<0.001, pos hoc: 12%<50%, 50%<88%) 带来更高的期待愉快评价当被试获得奖励时，获奖金额对被试的消费愉快评分有显著影响（F (2,150) = 19.33, p<0.001, pos hoc: 0.5<5, 0.8<5）并且该分数与CSAS总分以及SPQ阳性特质分量表存在显著负相关（r=-0.44, p<0.05; r=-0.37, p<0.05）总而言之，奖励金额和奖励估计值对困难任务的选择有显著预测作用； 奖赏概率和奖赏金额影响期待和消费愉快评价。

本范式提供了一个在决策框架下测量奖赏追求的全过程模型关键词 决策，金钱期待愉悦，金钱消费愉悦，奖赏加工Monetary pleasure experience in decision-making situation: A testing of the full process of reward pursuitJiao wang12, Jia Huang1*, Raymond CK Chan11 Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China2 University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China*correspondence: huangj@ Abstract: Anhedonia is defined as a reduction of pleasure experience and motivation. It is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The present study aimed to develop a paradigm to examine the full process of reward processing. A battery of questionnaires including the Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale (CSAS), the Chapman Physical Anhedonia Scale (CPAS), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Snaith- Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were also administered to all participants. We adopted a modified version of the ‘Effort’ paradigm with two independent variables---reward probability (low: 12%, medium: 50%, high: 88%) and reward value for difficult task (low: 0.8 vs. high: 5). With different levels of reward probability and reward value for difficult task, participants had to decide whether they would choose a difficult task which required more cognitive effort or an easy task which required much less cognitive effort. Participants also had to give their pleasure rating when anticipating the potential reward (anticipatory rating) and getting the actual reward after completing the task (consummatory rating). The task was to pick out the the figure with the biggest angle among the four figures presented to the participants. Each trial would be followed by a feedback which showed whether the participants had completed the task correctly, and whether they got the reward or not. The results showed that higher monetary reward value and more estimated value (value of difficult task*probability) would encourage more difficult task choice (β=0.58, p<0.001; β=0.47, p<0.01). The SHAPS total score showed the tendency to predict less difficult task choice (β=-0.12, p=0.053). Both bigger monetary reward value (F (2, 219) = 5.6, p<0.01, pos hoc: 0.5<5, 0.8<5) and the higher probability of getting the reward led to bigger anticipatory rating score (F (2,219) =17.44, p<0.001, pos hoc: 12%<50%, 50%<88%). When the participants got the actual reward, its value influenced consummatory ratings significantly (F (2,150) = 19.33, p<0.001, pos hoc: 0.5<5, 0.8<5) and were found to be negatively correlated with the CSAS total score and the positive subscale of SPQ significantly (r=-0.44, p<0.05; r=-0.37, p<0.05). In summary, the monetary reward value and estimated value may influence decision making of taking the difficult task choice; both the reward probability and its value influence anticipatory and consummatory pleasure ratings. The present task provides a feasible and effect measure to capture the full process of reward pursuit within a decision making framework. Keywords: decision making, monetary anticipatory pleasure, monetary consummatory pleasure, reward processing。