双语细菌形态结构演示文稿.ppt

双语细菌形态结构演示文稿1页，共66页，星期三双语细菌形态结构2页，共66页，星期三OutlinenSection 1 Size and Shapes of BacterianSection 2 Structure of Bacterial Cells3页，共66页，星期三Section 1 Size and Shapes of Bacteria细菌的大小与形态细菌的大小与形态4页，共66页，星期三I. Size of BacterianUnit for measurement : micrometer, m : 1m=10-3mm nSize: Varies with kinds of bacteria, and also related to their age and external environment.5页，共66页，星期三Bacillus(杆菌杆菌)Spiral Bacterium(螺形菌螺形菌)II. Shapes and arrangement of the bacteriaDiplococcus(双球菌双球菌)Staphylococcus(葡萄球菌葡萄球菌)Streptococcus(链球菌链球菌)Coccobacillus(球杆菌球杆菌)Streptobacillus(链杆菌链杆菌)Vibrio (弧菌弧菌)Helicobacterium(螺杆菌螺杆菌)Coccus (球菌球菌)6页，共66页，星期三。

CoccusBacillusSpiral bacterium7页，共66页，星期三球菌球菌（Coccus）葡萄球菌葡萄球菌 双球菌双球菌 链球菌链球菌 8页，共66页，星期三Coccus9页，共66页，星期三Coccus10页，共66页，星期三杆菌（杆菌（bacillus）杆菌形态多数呈直杆状杆菌形态多数呈直杆状杆菌形态多数呈直杆状杆菌形态多数呈直杆状 11页，共66页，星期三Bacillus球杆菌球杆菌双歧杆菌双歧杆菌分枝杆菌分枝杆菌12页，共66页，星期三 螺形菌螺形菌（spiral bacterium）弧菌弧菌螺菌螺菌螺杆菌螺杆菌13页，共66页，星期三幽门螺杆菌幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori14页，共66页，星期三Section 2 Structure of Bacterial Cells细菌的结构细菌的结构15页，共66页，星期三16页，共66页，星期三基本结构基本结构：细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核质：细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核质特殊结构特殊结构：荚膜、鞭毛、菌毛、芽胞：荚膜、鞭毛、菌毛、芽胞17页，共66页，星期三Structure of Bacterial Cells细菌的结构细菌的结构nBasic structure 基本结构基本结构qCell wall (细胞壁细胞壁)qCytoplasmic membrane (细胞膜细胞膜)qCytoplasm (细胞质细胞质)qNuclear material (核质核质)nSpecific structure 特殊结构特殊结构qCapsule (荚膜荚膜)qFlagellum (鞭毛鞭毛)qPilus (菌毛菌毛)qSpore (芽孢芽孢)18页，共66页，星期三。

Cell wall (细胞壁细胞壁)位于细菌细胞的最外层，包绕在细胞膜的位于细菌细胞的最外层，包绕在细胞膜的周围，是一种膜状结构，组成复杂，随不周围，是一种膜状结构，组成复杂，随不同细胞而异同细胞而异G G+ +和和G G- -19页，共66页，星期三阳性阳性 阴性阴性革兰染色革兰染色20页，共66页，星期三Basic Components of Cell walls21页，共66页，星期三Peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）（肽聚糖）N-acetylglucosamine(G)N-acetylmuramic acid(M)Staphylococcus aureus (G+)E.Coli (G-)Lysozyme breaks this bondpentaglycine bridgeL-alanineD-glutamicL-lysineD-alanineL-alaD-glu m-DAPD-alapenicillin3 dimensional2 dimensionalbackboneTetra-peptide side chain22页，共66页，星期三Peptidoglycan of Gram positive bacteriabackboneTetra-peptide side chainpentaglycine bridge23页，共66页，星期三。

backboneTetra-peptide side chainPeptidoglycan of Gram negative bacteriadiaminopimelic acid二氨基庚二酸二氨基庚二酸24页，共66页，星期三Common peptidoglycan layernA carbohydrate backbone (聚糖骨架聚糖骨架) consist of N-acetyl muramic acid (Mur) N-acetyl glucosamine (Gln)nTetrapeptide side chain (四肽侧链四肽侧链) different components and binding modes in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.nPentapeptide cross-bridge (五肽交联桥五肽交联桥) identical peptide only in Gram positive bacteria25页，共66页，星期三Quantities of peptidoglycan layernGram positive:15-50 layers ( thick )nGram negative:1-2 layers ( thin )26页，共66页，星期三。

PenicillinLysozyme27页，共66页，星期三Special components of Gram positive cell wall -Teichoic acid 磷壁酸磷壁酸28页，共66页，星期三Wall teichoic acidsMembrane teichoic acids(Lipoteichoic acid )PeptidoglycanCell membrane29页，共66页，星期三G G+ +菌细胞壁的特殊组分菌细胞壁的特殊组分重要的表面抗原与血重要的表面抗原与血清分型、分类有关清分型、分类有关有助维持菌体内离子有助维持菌体内离子平衡及酶活性平衡及酶活性与致病性有关与致病性有关 磷壁酸磷壁酸30页，共66页，星期三Special components of Gram negative cell wall LipoproteinLipopolysaccharideLipid bilayer(LPS)31页，共66页，星期三Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 脂多糖脂多糖Lipid bilayer脂质双层脂质双层 Lipoprotein脂蛋白脂蛋白porinPeriplasmic spaceCell membranePeptidoglycan32页，共66页，星期三。

Cell wall of Gram negative bacteriaEndotoxin（内毒素内毒素）Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) consists of three regions: a.inner lipid A displays endotoxin activityb.middle core polysaccharidec.outer O antigen (specific polysaccharide) 33页，共66页，星期三Differences Between Cell Walls of Gram Positive and NegativeCell wall Gram positive Gram negative Thickness 2080nm 1015nm peptidoglycan multilayer single layer Saccharide content about 45% 15%20% Lipid content 14% 1122% Teichoic acid yes no Outer membrane no yes 34页，共66页，星期三。

G+ / G- 细菌细胞壁比较示意图细菌细胞壁比较示意图LPS磷壁酸磷壁酸强度强度厚度厚度肽聚糖层数肽聚糖层数脂质含量脂质含量乙醇通透性乙醇通透性G G+ +菌菌强韧强韧厚厚多多少少不易透入，不易被脱色不易透入，不易被脱色G G- -菌菌疏松疏松薄薄少少多多容易透入，易被脱色容易透入，易被脱色35页，共66页，星期三36页，共66页，星期三Functions of Cell WallnMaintain the cells characteristic shapenContent the effects of low osmotic pressurenForm relatively nonspecific poresnProvide attachment sites for bacteriophagesnToxicity (LPS)nAntigenicity (teichoid acid & O antigen)37页，共66页，星期三Bacterial L Form (Wall removed or weakened )nRemoval of the bacterial wall may be accomplished by hydrolysis with lysozyme or by blocking peptidoglycan biosynthesis with an antibiotic such as penicillin.nIf such cells are able to grow and divide, they are called bacterial L forms.Gram positive protoplasts 原生质体原生质体 (no cell wall)Gram negative spheroplasts 原生质球原生质球 ( retain outer membrane)38页，共66页，星期三。

Characteristics of bacterial L form nCan back normal nMultiple shapes including round, pear shaped and even filamentousnproduce fried egg colonies on osmotically protective agar platesnInduce chronic infection : urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis , encarditis 39页，共66页，星期三Bacterial L form(Staphylococci) L form Normal40页，共66页，星期三Granular colony“Fried egg”Bacteria L form colonies41页，共66页，星期三Cell membrane ( Cytoplasmic membrane)Do not contain cholesterols (胆固醇胆固醇) except of mycoplasma42页，共66页，星期三。

二）细胞膜（二）细胞膜 组成：脂质双层，蛋白质（无胆固醇）组成：脂质双层，蛋白质（无胆固醇）功。