英语修辞与写作3.ppt

英语修辞与写作4四种比喻性修辞（一）• 1. Metonymy 转喻（借代） • met- : change onym: name y: n. • Metonymy : the act of referring to sth. by the name of sth. else that is closely connected with it, • ---Oxford Dictionary• 转喻(或借喻)是指用同一事物关系密切的另 一事物来借指此事物，即用甲来借指乙， 甲乙之间关系密切借喻中只出现喻体而 不出现本体，它的着眼点在于本体和喻体 之间的密切联系而不是相似 • 英语中常见的转喻有以下几种： • 1）用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西• （1）He is a sturdy little fellow although he was brought up on the bottle. • 尽管这小孩是喝牛奶长大的，他还是长得 很健壮 • Bottle --- the milk in the bottle• (2) After the meeting, we discussed the matter over a bottle. • 会后，我们一边饮酒一边讨论此事。

• Bottle ---- wine in the bottle • (3) Who holds the purse rules the house. • 有钱就有势 （管钱人当家）• House --- the House of Representatives or the Senates • Purse --- the money in the purse • / His purse would not allow him to live a luxurious life. （income）• (4) The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. • 母亲尽力照顾孩子 • （cradle --- the baby in the cradle）• (5) The kettle is boiling. • Kettle ---- water in the kettle • 2）身体部位或器官来替代它的相关功能1）He has a good ear for music. • （ear指代欣赏音乐的能力）• （2）She was to be a girl, who excited the emotions, but I was not the one to let my heart rule my head. • 她的确是个易于使人动情的姑娘，可我不 是那种让感情统治理智的人。

• Heart --- emotion, feelings • Head --- reason, sanity • （3）I have an opinion of you, sir, to which it is not easy to give the mouth. • 先生，我对你有一个看法，不过很难用语 言表达出来 • Mouth --- what one wants to say • （4）If there is any bad blood in the fellow he will be sure to show it. • 如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话，他一定会 流露出来 • Blood ---- strong especially unpleasant feeling; temper • 3）用资料、工具代替事物的名称 • （1）He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown. • 他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造 • Gun ---- career of being a soldier • Cap and gown(方顶帽和黑长袍) ---- higher education • （2）The pen is mightier than the sword. • Pen --- publishing. • Sword --- military force• （3）But in spite of himself, he became deeply interested in this Polish girl with the intense gray eyes and delicate features, who was as keen on test tubes as himself.• 他不由自主、深深地爱上了这位充满热情 ，有着灰色眼睛和清秀面容，跟他一样热 衷于化学实验的波兰姑娘。

• Test tube --- chemical experiments • （4） “I never prepared myself for anything but the ice, ” she said. “I peaked at 17 — and it’s been downhill ever since.” (ice skates)• (5) Had he chosen painting instead of politics, he would have been a great master with the brush. (painting)• 4) 用典型实物代替职业或从事该职业的人 • （1）There was no harm in Tom, but he was always merry and liked a bit of skirt. • Skirt ---- girls or women • 汤姆倒不伤害人，只是成天嘻嘻哈哈的， 爱同女人厮混 • （2）His elder sister went on the stage; the younger one had taken the veil. • Stage ---- career of being an actress • Veil --- nun • 他姐姐当了演员，而他的妹妹却做了修女 。

• （3）When we speak, we must address the chair. • Chair --- the man who presides over the meeting. • 当我们发言时，我们必须向主席致意• 5）某人的名字来指代他的产品；成果；作 品或风格 • • （1）Have you ever read Jack London? （Jack London指代他的作品） • • （2）Do you like Dickens? • （Dickens指代他的典型风格）• （3）Most Alzheimer’s disease isn’t hereditary: the key risk factor is age, not family history. • 大部分老年痴呆症不是遗传的，关键的危 险因素是年龄，不是家族史 • Alzheimer’s disease ---- decay of mind （德国医生阿耳茨海默是该病的发现者）• （4）To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein; likewise, to read a pornographic magazine is to eat a sugar-coated poison. • a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain ---- Shakespeare’s or Mark Twain’s works • 读一部莎士比亚或马克·吐温的作品就如同 吃一份富含蛋白质的食物；同样，读一期 黄色杂志就是吃一剂糖衣毒药。

• （6）用所在地指代人物、事物、机构、组 织等 • （1）Mr. James and his Redbrick boys will have to look to their laurels. • 詹姆斯先生和他的二流大学的学生们必须 小心翼翼地保护已得到的荣誉 • Redbrick--- second-rate university (剑桥 和牛津大学为石块砌成，19世纪末伦敦以 外大学往往为红砖砌墙)• （2）The Wall Street definitively has more say in their policy making. • Wall Street --- financial community; monetary market • 华尔街在政府制定国策中肯定有着重要的 发言权 • 其他： • Kremlin（克里姆林）——俄罗斯政府， Fleet Street（舰队街）——英国的新闻界 ， • Hollywood（好莱坞）——美国的电影制 造业• Downing Street (唐宁街) ---- • The Pentagon （五角大楼）--- • The White House （白宫）--- • The Foggy Bottom （雾谷）---美国国务 院 • Capitol Hill （国会山）---• 7）用原因代替结果 • （1）The fish desperately takes the death. • Death --- hook • 鱼不顾死活地吞下了致命的鱼钩。

• （2）Death fell in showers. • Death --- bullets • 子弹像雨点般地射向人群• (3) Many people loves rosy cheeks. • Rosy cheeks ---- children • 很多人喜欢孩子 • (4) And all the pavement streamed with massacre. • Massacre --- blood • 地面上流淌着被屠杀者的鲜血 • 8）用具体的事物代替抽象的概念• （1）I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. • Blood, toil, tears and sweat --- sacrifice, sympathy, and hard work. • 我们没有什么可以奉献，只有热血、辛劳 、眼泪和汗水• （2）The gang of dandies was indulged in the bottle, woman and song all day along. • the bottle, woman and song --- pursuing pleasure and leading a fast life • 这帮家伙整日沉溺酒、色、声的享乐之中 。

• （3）With all the red tape I ran into a city hall, it took me three months to get my business license. • Red tape (17世纪捆扎公文绳子) --- bureaucracy • 我在市政厅遇到了各种官僚主义的麻烦， 花了三个月才拿到了营业执照• 9）以抽象的概念代替具体的事物 • (1) In the least developed regions in our country, there is far more ignorance than knowledge , so freeing the peo。