
IT行业从业人员职业倦怠调查研究.docx
65页聊城大学硕士学位论文IT行业从业人员职业倦怠调查研究姓名:袁蕾申请学位级别:硕士专业:发展与教育心理学指导教师:赵富才20070501聊城大学硕士学位论文摘要职业倦怠,英文原词为“Job burnout”,在我国也被翻译成“工作倦怠”、“职业枯 竭”、“工作耗竭”等,是指个体在长期的工作压力下,面对情绪、环境和人际关系紧张 源所产牛的一种负性的、个体化的情感与认知反应,表现为个体的情绪资源过度消耗, 感到疲乏不堪,精力丧失,以负性的、冷淡的、过度疏远的态度对待工作服务对象,并 伴随着工作胜任感和工作成就感的下降等职业倦怠会诱发个体产牛一系列负性的心理 症状,如焦虑、抑郁、低自尊等,常常会伴随头痛、失眠、肠胃功能失调等躯体不适, 还会导致个体产生嗜烟、酗酒等不良压力行为反应不仅如此,职业倦怠的负性影响还 会不可避免的波及到个体所属的组织、家庭和社会,比如对组织而言,职业倦怠会诱发 和产牛工作效率低下、员工离职意向和流动率增高以及消极怠工等现象;而对家庭和社 会而言,高职业倦怠个体倾向于减少社会交往、疏远朋友和家人,有时甚至会产生自杀 和攻击他人等极端行为因此,在经济和社会高速发展的今天,由职业倦怠所带来的一系 列问题已经越来越多地引起了人们的广泛关注。
作为发展社会生产力和国民经济的基础产业,高素质、高效率的从业人员是保障IT 这个知识、技术密集型产业高速发展的关键但是在这个竞争剧烈、技术瞬息万变、市 场风向标变幻无常的朝阳产业里,特殊的行业特点使得IT从业人员承受着常人无法体会 的心理压力,不可避免的遭受着正在呈现全球蔓延趋势的职业倦怠现象的侵袭目前我国职业倦怠的实证性研究大多在于教师、医护人员、警察等职业领域,对于IT行业的职 业倦怠现象则几乎还没有研究涉及因此,本研究拟通过对IT行业从业者的职业倦怠情 况做出调查,了解目前IT行业从业者的职业倦怠情况,并通过对调查结果的分析,找出引发倦怠的相关因素,为企业提供合理有效的建议不仅如此,本研究对于丰富我国职业倦怠的相关研究领域也具有现实的意义 本研究采用问卷调查的方法进行研究,问卷分为职业倦怠调查问卷和职业倦怠前因变量问卷由于MBI-GS已被证明具有较高的信效度,因此对职业倦怠的测查直接采用 船I—GS;前因变量问卷是在在(2004年工作倦怠指数问卷》的基础上修订而成的在问 卷的修订过程中,首先对职业倦怠的相关文献做了大量的搜集和整理,在(2004年工作倦怠指数问卷》之原因问卷的基础上进行修订整合,形成前因变量初稿,邀请本领域的 专家对问卷的构面以及题目的切合性进行评鉴,根据评鉴结果牛成前因变量问卷。
研究聊城大学硕士学位论文表明,前因变量问卷的信度和效度均达到了心理学的要求,是一份具有实际应用价值的 问卷通过对不同城市602名IT行业从业者的问卷调查,得出如下结论: 1.职业倦怠前因变量问卷具有较好的信效度,研究数据显示MBI-GS量表的Cronbach fl系数为0.952,职业倦怠前因变量问卷的Cronbach a系数为0.961,问卷 总体Cronbach a系数为0.887,表现出较高的内部一致性,具有较好的信度因素分析 的结果也表明问卷具有较好的结构效度,因此可以用于大范围测试2.研究结果显示,本次研究中IT行业从业人员的情绪衰竭和玩世不恭程度一般, 成就感相对较低3.人口统计学分析显示,性别、年龄阶段、从业年限、工作类别、所在城市、教育 程度、婚姻状况和职位层次等人口统计学因素在职业倦怠的三个维度上都表现出显著性 的差异4.研究数据表明,前因变量所包含的5个因素都对职业倦怠的产牛具有预测的作 用,其中组织认同、A型人格与人际障碍和工作负荷对情绪衰竭与玩世不恭的预测力最 强;组织认同对职业效能的预测力最强5.通过对研究结果的分析,主要从预防的角度对IT企业和从业人员提出了建议。
从组织的层面,企业可以从加强组织基础管理建设、合理调配员工,为员工进行职业路 径规划、完善薪酬培训激励体制、加强企业文化建设,给予员工充分的人文关怀、改善 工作条件,实行员工帮助计划和工作/家庭平衡计划等方面来降低职业倦怠的风险:从个 人的层面,则主要应该保持积极的心态,制定切实可行的职业计划,发掘工作中有意义 的方面,培养自己对工作的兴趣,并实行有效的时间管理和节奏管理,另外,丰富自己 的个人生活,学会适时减压放松也是非常关键的研究表明采取以个体改变为主,组织 改变为辅的综合干预方法,将组织的干预和个体的自我调适相结合,才能达到预防和缓 解职业倦怠的最佳效果关键词:职业倦怠;情绪衰竭:玩世不恭;职业效能感;IT行业;前因变量¨聊城大学硕士学位论文Abstract‘‘Job burnout’’is kind of individualized negative emotional and cognitive reaction caused by stress sources as emotion,environment and interpersonal relationship when individual faces working pressure for a long term,、)l『im symptoms as feeling emotionally exhausted, treating service target in over-alienated attitude,and lessening job competence and satisfactionof oneself.Job burnout may induce a series of negative mental symptoms,such as anxiety,depression,low self-esteem etc,which are also accompanied by physical symptoms like headache,insomnia,gastrointestinal dysfunction etc.Besides,job burnout may also result in negative behavior reaction of individual勰addict to drinking and smoking,.Moreover,thenegative influence of burnout could inevitably affect the organizations,family and evensociety which individual belongs to.Taking organization as an example,job burnout may cause low working efficiency,high quit-job tendency as well as passive go—slow in work.as for family and society,individual who suffers from high job burnout symptoms tends to reduceinterpersonal activities,alienate family members and friends,and even arise extreme behaviors船to commit suicide or attack other people.Therefore.problems brought by job burnout havearoused more and more attention from today’S society.Highly qualified Employees are pivotal element insuring fast development of IT industry, which is basic industry to develop social productivity and national economy.While these people also burden heavy mental pressure because of the special industry characteristic.Tillnow,most empirical research focus on occupations like teacher,medical care personnel andpolice ere,and for IT industry,very few evidence show that there is any study involving in this field.So this paper initiates to survey the real situation ofjob burnout in this special industry, and hopes to find out reasons that could lead to job burnout through analyzing statistics collected.Through that way,we could not only provide practical and effective advices to the IT enterprises,but could enrich the content ofrelated study ofburnout in our couiltry.This paper carries out research by the method of questionnaire survey,and thequestionnaire involves Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI—GS),which has already been verified to be highly reliable and valid,and Burnout Antecedent Variables Questionnaire,which is modified and recomposed by the author on the basis of Burnout Index111聊城大学硕士学位论文Questionnaire 2004.During the process of modification and recomposition,the first step taken is to collect and sort burnout.related materials and information as plentiful and possible,then reform and integrate on the basis of Burnout Index Questionnaire 2004 to form the draft.Once the draft comes into being,experts and professional people in the concerned field are invited to evaluate the structure and items of the draft,and after being modified and recomposed according to the suggestion provided by those experts,th。
