全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点.doc

1全国高校英语应用能力考试 B 级重点难点虚拟语气If 引导的条件从句 主句现在时动词的过去式（be 动词过去式用 were）Would/should/could/might+动词原形过去时Had+过去分词 Would/should/could/ might +have+过去分词将来时Should+动词原形 /were to+动词原形Would/should/could/might+动词原形虚拟语气用在状语从句中 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来 A．与现在事实相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形 He (you,they) would + 动词原形 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

B．与过去事实相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 ，I(we)should + have+ 过去分词He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的 C.与将来事实相反的If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西 ***有关虚拟语气的几个问题***1) 有时 if 引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面 Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点， 她就会干的 Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的 2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句 2I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊！She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会 If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能... 3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好 对过去事实相反的假设26.I didn’t see your boss at the meeting. If he (come)_ __,I would have told him the news.（2000 年 6 月试卷）29.If hadn’t driven the car yesterday, I (avoid) __ __ the accident.（2001 年 12试卷）34.If I (not drink)_ ___ so much coffee yesterday afternoon, I would have been able to sleep well last night. （2003 年 12 月试卷）If the team members hadn’t helped me , I (fail)__ ____ in the last experiment.(2005.5)He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he (fasten)_ _ _ the seat belt.(2005.5)A 级Had I known the result, I (not ask)___ ___you to tell me .=If I had known the result,……A: 1.had came(与过去事实相反的) 2.would have avoided3.had not drunk 4.would have failed5.had fastened 6.would not have asked Wish 后面的宾语从句和 As if（though）引导的方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气35.He talked as if he (do)_ ___all the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it. （2000 年 12 月试卷）28.Xiao Lan speaks English in a way as if she (be) _ ___an American . （2001年 6 月试卷）21.I didn’t go with them to the beach yesterday.But I do wish I _ ____there.A．have beenB． had beenC．wasD．am（2003.6）3虚拟语气用与表示 “要求，建议，命令，坚持” 等 that 名词从句时，谓语动词用 + (should)+动词原形，should 常省略Ask,tell, suggest,insist,propose, advise,require,order,command,desire,request,demand,recommond +that ..(should )+ 动词原形28. It is advised that we (sign)_sign____an agreement right after the discussion. （2000 年 6 月试卷）17.He told me that I ______be present at the ceremony.A)couldB)wouldC)shouldD)might（2000 年 6 月试卷）21.The committee members propose that the plan ____ postponed for a few days.A)beingB)beenC)to beD)be（2002 年 6 试卷）28.The boss insisted that Mr.Cooper (give)__ ___ up his experiment at once. （2002 年 12 试卷）The chairman required that every speaker (limit)___ __ himself to 15 minutes.(2004.6)I suggested that he (call)___ ___ on the director a week later.(2005.1)Jane’s parents insisted that she (return)__ ____home before 9:00.It is (high/about) time (that) + 动词的过去式… 的主语从句的虚拟语气25.It’s high time we ____something to stop road accidents.A)didB)are doingC)will doD)do （2001 年 6 试卷）（PRETCO）It is high time we (start)__started_ to pay attention to such mistakes.You look so tired tonight. It is (high/about)time you (go)_went__ to bed.It is important/essential/necessary/natural/strange/a pity/ no wonder +that 结构中的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形22.It’s necessary that the problem _____ in some way or other.4A)is settledB)was settledC)be settledD)has been settled（2001 年 12 试卷）24.It is important that the committee ___about the project at once.A.be informedB.is informedC.will be informedD.being informed（2003 年 12 月试卷）被动被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的 承受者，其构成为 be ＋过去分词。

e.g. They will widen the road.(主动)The road will be widened.（被动）The matter will be dealed with as soon as possible.1． 被动语态的各种时态形式表： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态现在amis ｝askedaream is }being askedareHasHave }been asked过去waswere }askedwas were }being askedHad been asked将来shallwill }be askedshall}have been askedwill过去将来Should}be askedWouldShould}have been askedwould2.情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，结构为：一般式：情态动词（can, could, may, might, must, should, need 等）＋be+过去分词完成式：情态动词＋have+过去分词e.g. This can be done by hand. 这可以手工做。

一般式）The project might have been completed earlier. 这项工程本可以早些完工的完成式）3． be going to 等不定式结构的 被动形式：be going to/ought to/ be to/ be bound to/ be sure to/ be certain to/ be due to/ be about to/ have (has) to/ had to +be+过去分词 (to 不可省略)e.g. Not a could was to be seen. 看不到一丝云彩The enemy is bound to be defeated. 敌人一定会被打败5When will the work (complete)_______?23.This is one of the longest bridge that____on th。