主旨大意题讲与练.doc

阅读理解解题指导 （主旨大意题）特点：Ø这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题分类： 1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic) 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者主题的内涵与标题相似常见的标题型题干：1)  The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.2)  The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.3)  What is the best title for the passage? 4) Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 常见的主题型题干：5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?7) What is the subject discussed in the text?8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?相关练习： A)Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. Q: What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness.C. Reasons for stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions B) In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.Q: The text is mainly about________.A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.C)In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat. Frightened? You shouldn’t be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition.(营养). Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for along time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup(汤)made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rich wine was also used in the soup to help illness caused by old age. Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you,” Fu said, “ but if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.”Q: The best headline for this newspaper article is _______. A. A Good Son B. A Special Soup C. How to Make Brains D. How to Live Long Life.D)Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan ……… William Bobinson of Harvard University’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.” Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works D. Investigation into the theftE)As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow.……John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.Q: What would be the bets title for the text?A. The joy of DIY B. You can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY2. 主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。

这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括此句叫做主题句这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意，重要情节，人物特征，写作特点的能力一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展. 常见的主题句和主旨型题干：1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?4) Which of the。