直接引语与间接引语.doc

直接引语与间接引语概述何为直接引语和间接引语直接引语：直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的原话就是直接引语间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话时，被转述的话就是间接引语He said, “I like your dress.” 他说：“我喜欢你的裙子 ”直接引语He said he liked your dress. 他说他喜欢你的裙子间接引语She said, “Tom is my big brother.” 她说：“汤姆是我的哥哥 ”直接引语She said Tom was his big brother. 她说汤姆是她的哥哥间接引语They said, “We will win the game.” 他们说：“我们会赢得比赛的 ”直接引语They said they would win the game. 他们说他们会赢得比赛的间接引语直接引语与间接引语的特点直接引语在引用原话时，特点如下1. 将原话原原本本放在引号内，不做任何人称、时态等的改动2. 引用的话之前，用“， ”3. 引号内的首字母大写4. 引用的话结束后，需用“.” “！” “？”等表示句子结束的标点符号5. 引出直接引语的引述动词常为：say 说道，ask 问道， tell 告诉，shout 喊道，cry哭诉道，order 命令道， add 补充道等She said, “You are a good student.” 她说：“你是个好学生。

”He asked, “ Do you like swimming?” 他问：“你喜欢游泳吗？”I said, “What a beautiful day!” 我说：“真是个好天气啊！”当直接引语后置时，直接引语若是陈述句，那么后引号前要用逗号“， ”；若是感叹句或疑问句，则仍分别用“！”或“？”“I like apples,”John said. 约翰说： “我喜欢苹果 ”“Will you come back for dinner?” Mary asked. 玛丽问道： “你会回来吃晚饭吗？”“Don’t make excuses!”Tom shouted. 汤姆喊道：“不要找借口！ ”间接引语在用自己的话转述他人的话时，特点如下1. 引述谓语动词与被引用的话语之间不用逗号和引号等；2. 有时态的变化3. 有人称、时间、地点等的变化4. 引出直接引语的引述动词常为：say 说道，ask 问道， tell 告诉，shout 喊道，cry哭诉道，order 命令道， add 补充道等5．大部分间接引语是宾语从句He said that you were a good student. 他说你是个好学生。

Mary asked me whether I would come back for dinner. 玛丽问我是否会回来吃晚饭Tom told me that he went swimming that day. 汤姆告诉我他那天去游泳了直接引语与间接引语的转化直接引语转化为间接引语时，会有如下变化：人称变化 根据说话人和说话对象的不同，人称有时变，有时不变，主要根据句意而定Tom said, “I will give the book to Ann.” 汤姆说：“我会把书给安妮 ”→Tom said he would give the book to Ann. 汤姆说他会把书给安妮 （说话人将汤姆的话转述给他人）→Tom said he would give the book to you. 汤姆说他会把书给你 （说话人将汤姆的话转述给安妮）→Tom said he would give the book to me. 汤姆说他会把书给我 （安妮将汤姆的话转述给他人）→You said you would give the book to me. 你说你会把书给我 （安妮将汤姆的话转述给汤姆）→I said I would give the book to her. 我说我会把书给她。

（汤姆将说过的话转述给他人）→I said I would give the book to you. 我说我会把书给你 （汤姆将说过的话转述给安妮）时态变化1. 直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句谓语动词若是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态也要变成相应的过去时态情态动词也要作出相应变化，以体现时态的变化直接引语的时态 间接引语的时态一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时cancouldcouldmaymightmightwillwouldwouldshallshouldshouldmust had to/mustShe said, “I am good at Chinese.” 她说：“我擅长中文 ”（直接引语：一般现在时）She said she was good at Chinese. 她说她擅长中文 （间接引语：一般过去时）He said, “I am working.” 他说： “我正在工作 ”（直接引语：现在进行时）He said he was working. 他说他正在工作 （间接引语：过去进行时）They said, “We are going to go shopping.” 他们说：“我们将去购物。

”（直接引语：一般将来时）They said they were going to go shopping. 他们说他们将去购物 （间接引语：过去将来时）I said, “I called you.” 我说：“我打给你了 ”（直接引语：一般过去时）I said I had called her. 我说我已经打给她了 （间接引语：过去完成时）Jack said, “I have finished my work.” 杰克说：“我已经完成了我的工作 ”（直接引语：现在完成时）Jack said he had finished his work.杰克说他已经完成了他的工作 （间接引语：过去完成时）Andrew told me, “I had lived here for months by 1999.” 安德鲁告诉我：“在 1999 年之前我已经在这里住了几个月了 ” （直接引语：过去完成时）Andrew told me that he had lived here for months by 1999. 安德鲁告诉我在 1999 年之前他已经在这里住了几个月了间接引语：过去完成时）Toby asked his father, “Can I come?” 托比问他父亲：“我可以来吗？”Toby asked his father if he could come. 托比问他父亲他是否可以来。

John asked his teacher, “May I go?” 约翰问他的老师：“我可以走吗？”John asked his teacher if he might go. 约翰问他的老师他是否可以走Edgar said, “I will marry you.” 埃德加说：“我会娶你 ”Edgar said he would marry me.埃德加说他会娶我2. 间接引语中时态不变的情况A． 若主句动词时态是现在时态（如一般现在时、现在进行时）或将来时态，间接引语中时态不变She says, “I like playing the piano.” 她说：“我喜欢弹钢琴 ”She says she likes playing the piano. 她说她喜欢弹钢琴I will say, “I was sleeping.” 我会说：“我当时正在睡觉呢 ”I will say I was sleeping. 我会说我当时正在睡觉呢B． 若引语表示客观事实或真理，间接引语中用一般现在时态He said, “Summer comes after spring.” 他说：“春天过后是夏天。

”He said summer comes after spring. 他说春天过后是夏天The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 老师说：“有志者事竟成 ”The teacher said that where there is a will there is a way. 老师说有志者事竟成C． 若引语所述的动作或状态现仍存在，间接引语中时态可不变Steven said, “Mary is busy preparing for the exam.”史蒂芬说：“玛丽正忙于备考 ”Steven said Mary is busy preparing for the exam.史蒂芬说玛丽正忙于备考 （现在仍忙于备考）John said, “I am at home.” 约翰说：“我在家 ”John said he is at home. 约翰说他现在在家 （约翰现在还在家里） Jake said, “My little brother always goes to work by bike.” 杰克说： “我的弟弟经常骑自行车去上班。

”Jake said his little brother always goes to work by bike. （现在仍然经常骑自行车去上班）D． 直接引语是过去进行时，变为间接引语时，时态不变Tom said, “ I was sleeping.” 汤姆说：“我当时正在睡觉 ”Tom said he was sleeping. 汤姆说他当时正在睡觉Ann said, “I was washing the clothes.” 安妮说：“我当时正在洗衣服 ”Ann said she was washing the clothes. 安妮说她当时正在洗衣服E． 直接引语中若有表示过去的具体某年某日的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变Spencer said, “I was born on August 6, 1998.” 史宾赛说：“我出生于 1998 年8 月 6 日 ”Spencer said she was born on August 6, 1998.史宾赛说她出生于 1998 年 8 月 6日Kate said, “The meeting was held on May 5, 2000.” 凯特说：“会议举行于2000 年 5 月 5 日。

”Kate said the meeting was held on May 5, 2000. 凯特说会议举行于 2000 年 5月 5 日时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语中 间接引语中now 现在 then 当时、那时today 今天 that day 那天tonight 今晚 that night 那晚ago 以前 before/earlier 以前/之前yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天，头一天last week/month/year 上星期/上月/去年the week/month/year before 前一星期/前一个月/前一年tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天the day after tomorrow后天in two days’ time/two days after 两天后next week/month/year下星期/下月/明年the next week/month/year 第二周/第二个月/第二年here 这里 there 那里this 这个 that 那个these 这些 those 那些He said, “It’s raining now.” 他说：“现在正在下雨。