现在完成时总结3900字.docx

    现在完成时总结3900字    一、语法现在完成时点拨：（一）肯定式主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它（二）否定式主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它（三）一般疑问式助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？2、现在完成时的使用例句一）肯定式1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词 (表示不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室表明现在教室是干净的）（二）否定式1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思又如：4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他三）一般疑问式1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ —Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ —No，never．不，从来没有3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了二、现在完成时的用法（一）用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果此时，常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用二）用法2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间 since +点时间三、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了2. have been to 和have been in的区别 have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语eg. ① She has been to Shanghai only once.②--How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语 eg. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站呆了半小时。

现在仍然在车站） ②We have been in Xi'an for two weeks.我们在西安呆了两个多星期现仍在西安）③How long have they been in China?他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）2一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同.（1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在I have taught this class for ten years.（还在教）I taught this class for two years.（曾教过两年，现在不教了）I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)练一练：用have/has been to /in , have/has gone to 及go 的各种形式填空1.John __________ England since he came back.2.How long ______you ______ this village?3.______ you ever _________ America? Yes, I __________ there many times.4.I ______________ this school since three years ago.5.Where is Jim? He _______ the farm.6.When _________ he ________? He _______ an hour ago.7.Would you like to __________ the zoo with me? Yes, but I ________ there before.8.Where ________ you ________ now? I _________the zoo.9._______ you ________ there last year?10._________ they often ________ skating in winter?3.用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。

He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.常见的相应转换形式如下:borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away（from）,go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back, join→be in / be a?member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our village since two years ago.（2）He left home three days ago=He home for 3 days.（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）The film began 10 minutes ago= The film for ten minutes（5）Our school opened in 1960=Our school since 1960.第二篇：英语现在完成时的用法总结 12000字现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）定义： （1） 强调动作是过去发生的（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响 但过去分词一定要选择准确[]过去分词AAA式的过去分词：[]规则动词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ” study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped不规则动词 burn---burnt---burnt 1hide hid hiden 隐藏 2forget forgot forgoten 忘记 3see saw seen 看见 4take tooktaken[]不规则动词2 、不规则动词：AAA型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burstcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hithurt hurt hurtput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadlet let letread read readled led ledAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran runcome cam。