高中虚拟语气讲解与专项练习一.doc

虚拟语气专项讲解一1简单句中的虚拟语气简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中（即两个人面对面讲话，用的不是现在时态而是过去式） 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚 二、表祝愿 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中） ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个 be ) 祝你幸福。

2、用动词原形例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望 （该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s” ） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是 you) 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词 Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用 don't 代替 do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。

如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一部分：宾语从句第一部分：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气 一、在动词一、在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词 that 一） 、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语 be 和 were(was)，实义动词用过去式例： 1. I wish (that 可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式 knew)我希望知道这个答案事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。

事实上不可能)虚拟语气专项讲解一23. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词 were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词 understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词 were)(事实上 并不和我们在一起) 二） 、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用 wish 表示对过去事情的遗憾其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或 would, could, might+现在完成时注意：wish 这个单词的时态是很灵活的例： 1. I wish (that 可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 解析：动词 wish 后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语 气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作） 。

本题后半句 谓语动词 have 用的是过去时 had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的 动作所以, 选项 A)could have slept 是答案 三） 、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形“(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望例： 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词 would+动词原形 stop) 我希望雨能停止事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起) 四） 、注意： 1.如果将 wish 改为过去式 wished, 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变。

例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了 2. 如果 that 从句中用 would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions.练习一：练习一：虚拟语气专项讲解一31.The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different toda。