基于多种重金属污染评价方法的铜陵矿区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd复合污染研究.pdf

安徽农业大学硕士学位论文基于多种重金属污染评价方法的铜陵矿区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb和 Cd复合污染研究姓名：王代飞申请学位级别：硕士专业：土壤学指导教师：周俊;贾十军20090601I 摘 要 矿产资源是人类生产和生活的基本源泉之一， 矿产资源的开发在对国民经济发展起重要推动作用的同时， 也带来了比较严峻的环境问题 矿山开采， 特别是铅锌矿床、含硫多金属矿床的开采过程中，由于采矿废水和选矿废液的直接排放，废石和尾矿等固体废弃物的堆放和淋滤，采、运、选、冶过程中的粉尘扩散，使矿区及周边地区土壤中富集了大量的重金属，对土壤及环境造成严重的污染土壤是人类赖以生存的自然条件，如果土壤被重金属污染将导致粮食、蔬菜、瓜果等的重金属含量增加，然后通过食物链进入人体而危害人类身体健康，同时也影响国民经济发展 铜陵市作为全国十大炼铜基地之一，为国民经济发展做出贡献的同时，矿区重金属污染土壤的治理与生态系统的恢复已成为可持续发展的关键问题之一因此，本论文以铜陵地区土壤中的重金属污染为题， 通过研究铜陵地区及不同地质体土壤重金属的含量、形态及其空间分布特征；通过对不同岩性土壤重金属的形态分布的研究，探讨土壤中重金属的来源、移动性、生物活性，期望揭示矿区土壤重金属来源与迁移趋势；通过对矿区及周边水稻和丹皮中重金属含量的分析，对研究区域重金属污染的植物效应作出初步评估；基于重金属污染程度的多种评价方法，评估矿区土壤的污染等级和污染程度。

其调查成果为铜陵矿区重金属污染土壤的治理及矿区生态环境的植物修复提供理论依据和技术支撑研究结果如下： 1、研究区域重金属的来源 矿山的开采直接影响当地土壤重金属含量， 通过对研究区域及区域内新桥铁矿区和凤凰山铜矿区重金属含量的分析，发现矿集区重金属含量明显高于其他区域，受开采时间和开采方式的影响，开采时间越长，土壤重金属含量越高；地上开采对土壤重金属含量的影响高于地下开采 通过对不同岩性土壤重金属的富集特征及不同层位含量变化特征的研究， 不同岩石发育的土壤的 Cd 的含量低于岩石含量，说明区域内土壤 Cd 主要来自于成土母岩，而 Cu、Pb、Zn以人为源为主 2、研究区域重金属污染的生物效应 通过对研究区域水稻样的采集分析，发现在采集的样品中，水稻籽实 Pb 含量有5.71%超标，Cd 含量有 27.1%超标，超标的样品并不是都出现在土壤对应重金属含量高的地区，但大多数超标稻米点位位于土壤重金属含量高的地区；稻米 Cu和 Zn含量在安全范围内对丹皮的重金属含量研究，未发现重金属含量超标 植物体内重金属含量的与土壤重金属的含量有一定关系， 也取决于植物对重金属的富集能力，通过研究发现，水稻较丹皮对 Cu、Zn、Pb 和 Cd 更容易富集，富集系II 数大小表现为 Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb。

3、研究区域重金属污染评价 在基于潜在生态危害指数法和地质积累指数法的评价方法，通过比较，不同评价方法反应出的研究区域整体污染区分布较一致，Cd 元素污染较 Cu、Zn、Pb 元素重，其污染区域分布在新桥矿山、大城山、蛇形山以及圣冲河、朱村河流域，主要集中于金属矿区 根据国家土壤环境质量标准（GB- 15618- 95），土壤环境质量较差，研究区内Ⅲ类及超Ⅲ类土壤面积占总研究区域的 91%，影响土壤环境质量的重金属元素主要是Cd，Ⅲ类及超Ⅲ类土壤占 83%；其次是 Cu，Ⅲ类及超Ⅲ类土壤 55%；Zn、Pb 环境质量较好，Ⅰ、Ⅱ类土壤分别有 77%和 89% 关键词：重金属污染；重金属污染评价；土壤环境质量；铜陵； III Abstract Mineral resources is one of the basic source of human production and life.Mineral resources is important to development in the national economy, but also bring about a more serious environmental problems. In the a large number of heavy metals in soils and environmental pollution because of mining and mineral processing waste water directly discharged and waste rock and tailings dumps and other solid waste and leaching. Soil is a natural condition of human survival,if the food, vegetables, fruits had more heavy metals from contamination,then will affect human health and the national economic development had bad effect. Tongling City is one of the top ten copper base.The one of the key issues of sustainable development it's the administer of soil heavy metal contamination and restoration of ecosystem management. Therefore,the title of this essay is about the heavy metal contamination in soils of Tongling city.Thourgh this essay to research the characteristics of distribution and content of heavy metals in soils, to explore the movement and biological activity of heavy metals in soil look forward to reveal the sources of heavy metals and migration trends in soils.Estimate the effects of plant by heavy metals through the rice and paeonol content of heavy metals in mining aera. Estimate the soil level and extent of pollution based on a variety of evaluation methods of heavy metals,the results of the research for the treatment of heavy metal contamination of soil and ecological environment in mining areas of the plant and provide a theoretical basis to repair and technical support. The results are as follows: 1. The source of heavy metals in the study area. The heavy metals content in soils impact by the exploitation of the mine. Through the metals content of the study area and the Xinqiao iron ore aera and Fenghuangshan copper areas, we found the content of heavy metals into the mining area was significantly higher than other regions, impact by the exploitation of time and the exploitation way,the heavy metal content as high as the the longer exploitation and the heavy metals content in soils effecte by the ground exploration more than the underground mining. Study on the enrichment character and change character of heavy metal content in soils of different rocks and different layers in soils.The content of Cd mainly come from the rocks and Cu, Pb, Zn- based human source because the content of Cd in soils less than the the content of Cd in rocks. IV 2. The biological effects of heavy metal contamination in the study area. To analysis the heavy metals content of rice and paeonol,the samples of rice has exceeded the standard by Cd and Pb,its have 27.1% and 5.71%, the Cu and Zn content is normal in rice seed. Heavy metal content of plants depends on plant enrichment capacity for heavy metals and heavy metal content in soils.The heavy metals content in paeonol was normal through the study. The heavy metals content in plants effected by heavy metals content in soils and the enrichment capacity of heavy metals in plants. Through the study we found that rice enrichment capacity for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd more easily than paeonol,the enrichment capacity of plants for heavy metal is Cd> Zn> Cu> Pb. 3. Heavy metal pollution assessment in the study area. We found the pollotion aera is more or less uniform by Cu_Zn_Pb and Cd in the study aera based on the potential ecological risk index methods and geological accumulation index methods.The Cd polluti。