
渗糖方式对加应子果脯营养、香气及果肉结构的影响.docx
21页渗糖方式对加应子果脯营养、香气及果肉结构的影响 沈雪玉 陈日辉 林钰婷 陈重光 黄苇摘 要:加應子果脯是广式蜜饯的代表性产品,糖渍是加应子制作过程中重要的环节传统糖渍工艺主要利用高浓度糖液浸渍产生的渗透压促使果蔬组织脱水,但存在渗糖耗时长、生产效率低、营养及风味损失较严重等问题为解决上述问题,基于电子鼻、扫描电镜等检测方法及模糊数学感官评价法,以传统热渗糖为对照,对比分析真空渗糖、微波渗糖、超声波渗糖方式对加应子渗糖速率、营养成分、香气品质、感官品质及果肉微观结构的影响结果表明:与对照相比,3种新渗糖方式均显著提高了渗糖速率,以微波渗糖最高,真空渗糖次之;但在营养素及特征香味物质保留方面,真空渗糖产品的总酚、类黄酮、花色苷等抗氧化成分含量,醇类、醛酮香气成分响应值均显著优于对照(P<0.05),而微波渗糖则显著劣于对照(P<0.05),超声波渗糖与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)4种渗糖方式中,真空渗糖制备的加应子果脯营养、感官及香气品质均最佳,总酚、类黄酮和花色苷含量分别达到2.69 mg/g、5.44 mg/g、4.45 mg/100g;DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力分别达到14.23、128.54、35.61 mmol/g;感官评分为85.73分,电子鼻传感器W2S(对醇类及醛酮类灵敏)的响应值为29.65;渗糖速率排在第二位,干燥终点的总糖含量达63.05%;真空渗糖对果肉细胞结构的破坏程度低,能保持较高的营养,是制备高品质三华李加应子的优选渗糖方法。
微波渗糖速率最高,干燥终点的总糖含量达65.79%,但果脯营养与香味损失最大,果肉细胞结构破坏严重超声波渗糖速率略高于对照,营养及感官品质接近,果肉细胞结构差异不明显本研究结果为果脯加工过程中渗糖工艺的选择提供了参考依据Key:三华李;加应子果脯;渗糖方式;果肉微观结构;营养:TS255.3 :AEffects of Sugar Permeability Methods on Nutrition, Aroma and Structure of Candied PrunesAbstract: Jiayingzi is a representative product of Cantonese candied fruit, and sugaring is an important part of the processing of Jiayingzi. Traditional sugar process mainly uses osmotic pressure caused by high concentration sugar solution to dehydrate fruit and vegetable tissues. However, it is limited by long sugar penetration, low production efficiency and serious loss of nutrition and flavor. To solve the above problems, detection methods such as electronic nose, scanning electron microscope and fuzzy mathematical sensory evaluation method were introduced. The effects of vacuum, microwave and ultrasonic technologies on sugar infiltration rate, nutrient composition, aroma quality, sensory quality and flesh microstructure of Jiayingzi were compared with traditional hot soak. Compared with the control, the three new technologies significantly increased the sugar infiltration rate, microwave was the highest, followed by vacuum. However, in terms of retention of nutrients and characteristic aroma substances, the content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and the response value of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in vacuum were significantly better than that of the control (PPP>0.05). Among the four sugar permeability methods, the nutritional, sensory and aroma quality of the Jiayingzi by vacuum were the best, and the content of total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins was the highest, reaching 2.69 mg/g, 5.44 mg/g, 4.45 mg/100g.AADPPH, AAABTSand iron ion reduction capacity reached 14.23, 128.54, 35.61 mmol/g. The sensory score was 85.73 points, and the response value of electronic nose sensor W2S (sensitive to alcohols and aldehydes and ketones) was 29.65. The sugar infiltration rate ranked second, the total sugar content at the drying end point reached 63.05%. Vacuum sugar infiltration had a low degree of damage to the pulp cell structure, which maintained high nutrition. It was the preferred sugar infiltration method for preparing high-quality Sanhua plums (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv.sanhua). The microwave sugar infiltration rate was the highest, the total sugar content at the end of drying reached 65.79%, but the nutrient and flavor were lost the most, and the pulp cell structure was seriously damaged. The ultrasonic sugar infiltration rate was slightly higher than that of the control, the nutritional and sensory quality was similar, and the difference in the pulp cell structure was not obvious. The results would provide a useful reference for the selection of sugar penetration technology in the processing of preserved fruit.79DD56D2-26DA-436C-8BA0-E4E77844587CKeywords: Prunus salicina Lindl. cv.sanhua; candied prunes; sugar permeability methods; pulp microstructure; nutritionDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.05.023三华李(Prunus salicinaLindl. cv. sanhua)为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)李属(Prunus)植物,肉厚核小,肉质爽脆,果肉中含有丰富的花色苷使其呈现紫红色。
三华李除富含矿质元素、维生素、有机酸外,花色苷、酚酸、黄酮等活性成分较其他李果更为丰富,具有良好的抗氧化活性,是广式蜜饯果脯的主要原料之一[1-2]加应子是广式蜜饯的代表性产品,以李果的果坯为原料,经糖渍调味、干燥而成[3]糖渍是制作加应子的重要工艺,是形成加应子风味、外观、口感的最主要环节热浸泡渗糖法是传统的渗糖工艺,通常将糖溶解煮至80~90℃,将李果浸泡于糖液中,定时提高糖液浓度,大约经过7~8 d渗糖平衡后,再进行干燥,使成品中总糖含量达到60%以上[4],以达到产品要求的外观饱满度、口感及防腐要求传统糖渍工艺主要利用高浓度糖液产生的渗透压使物料中的水分转移到溶液,达到脱除果蔬组织中部分水分的目的,但存在渗糖耗时长、生产效率低、产品的营养及原果风味损失较严重等问题[5]崔书成等[6]研究发现,在低温条件下,将真空渗糖、超声波渗糖、自然渗糖3种工艺结合,加应子渗糖速度快且不反砂冯媛媛等[7]研究发现,欧李在240 W微波功率下渗糖20 min,能有效提高欧李的渗糖效果孙丽婷等[8]研究发现,超声波渗糖技术有利于提高红宝石李果脯的渗糖速率及滋味品质目前,有关果脯糖渍工艺的研究大多通过渗糖速率及感官评价来评定工艺的优劣,但采用电子鼻、电镜等先进技术,从营养、香味及果肉组织结构全面系统客观评价果脯渗糖速率、营养及风味等变化,并揭示其可能机理的研究鲜见报道。
前人在优化果脯糖渍工艺方面,采用真空、微波、超声波等技术制备话李[9]、脆红李[10]、双华李[11]和龙滩珍珠李[12]果脯三华李因富含花色苷,较其他品种李果颜色美观,抗氧化活性强,加工中损失严重,专门针对三华李加应子果脯糖渍工艺的研究未见报道本研究以三华李乳酸发酵果坯为原料,探讨传统热渗糖、真空渗糖、微波渗糖、超声波渗糖等不同渗糖技术对三华李加应子渗糖速率、营养成分、香气及感官品质的影响,并结合扫描电镜观察三华李果肉微观结构,揭示渗糖方式对三华李加应子品质影响的内在原因,以期为高品质三华李加应子的生产提供优化工艺1 材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1 供试材料与试剂 乳酸发酵三华李果坯[13]:新鲜三华李果,洗净沥干置于发酵罐,添加乳酸菌,室温密封发酵为果坯蔗糖(食品级),市售;水溶性维生素E(Trolox)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)、三吡啶基三嗪(TPTZ)均为分析纯(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司);无水乙醇、硫酸、芦丁、福林酚等其他试剂均为国产分析纯1.1.2 仪器与设备 EVO MA 15钨灯丝扫描式电子显微镜(德国卡尔蔡司公司);PEN3便携式电子鼻(德国Airsense公司);TU-1800紫外可见分光光度仪(北京普析通用仪器有。
