国际民用航空组织.doc

XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 1 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students国际民用航空组织{ICAO}民用航空安全委员会主题：国际民航安全背景指导国际民航组织主席团组成龙江滨： 大一本科 毕业于绵阳东辰国际学校（以上为背景指导编写人员）李瑞豪： 高二 绵竹中学刘俊康： 高二 四川大学附属中学陈文杰： 高二 德阳中学外联： 邓雅婷 班瀚文背景指导版权归心未来模联联合国大会组委会所有，未经允许，不得以任何方式出版、引用XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 2 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students目 录欢迎辞······························································ 4国际民用航空组织介绍················································ 7一、历史简介······················································ 7二、组织宗旨······················································ 7三、成员·························································· 7四、主要活动······················································ 9五、本次大会目XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 3 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students标················································· 10议题介绍··························································· 111.民用航空的界定················································· 111.1 商业航空··················································· 111.2 通用航空··················································· 112.民用航空系统的组成············································· 122.1 政府部门、机场·············································· 122.2 各类运输、通用航空公司及事业单XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 4 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students位···························· 123.国际民航现状与地区概况········································· 133.1 欧洲······················································· 143.2 亚洲······················································· 163.3 美洲······················································· 213.4 非洲······················································· 233.5 大洋洲····················································· 254.航空公司联盟··································XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 5 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students················· 264.1 寰宇一家··················································· 264.2 星空联盟··················································· 274.3 天合联盟··················································· 275.国际航空法····················································· 285.1 国际航空法的分类··········································· 285.2 《国际民用航空公约》及其附件································ 295.3 《华沙公约》及其后修订的文件······························· 305.4 《东京公约》及其他航空刑XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 6 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students法································· 305.5 双边和多边运输协议········································· 305.6 国际航空运输中的航行业务权································· 316.空难的历史回顾················································· 316.1 世界重大空难部分案例······································· 336.2 军事与恐怖主义因素空难部分案例····························· 356.3 2014 年的空难·············································· 376.3.1 2014 年出现死亡的空难清单···························· 37XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 7 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students6.3.2 2014 年部分空难案例·································· 396.3.3 2014 年社会空中交通安全点评·························· 41引用文献及推荐参考资料············································· 43欢 迎 辞尊敬的各位代表：欢迎你们参加 2015（冬）心未来德阳中学生模拟联合国大会并参加到国际民航组织安全理事会的会议中。

作为主席团成员，我们非常荣幸能够在德阳和各位一起度过这几天美好时光，共同感受各国代表和各国航空公司代表身上的责任与使命国际民用航空组织（International Civil Aviation Organization）是联合国的一个专门机构，1944 年为促进全世界民用航空安全、有序的发展而成立其前身为根据 1919 年《巴黎公约》成立的空中航行国际委员会而后，在美国政府的邀请下，52 个国家于 1944 年 11 月 1 日至 12 月 7 日参加了在芝加哥召开的国际会议，签订了 《国际民用航空公约》（通称《芝加哥公约》），1947 年 4月 4 日， 《芝加哥公约》正式生效，国际民航组织正式成立XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 8 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students在接下来的 2 月 11 日至 12 日为期两天的时间里，主席团希望能与诸位代表共同合作，积极推动议题的深入讨论这本次大会主席团共四位，他们分别是龙江滨、李松桃、刘俊康、陈文杰。

大家好在当今时代背景下，世界经济总体稳步发展，全球化趋势日益明显作为世界主要交通方式，国际民航事业正处于高速发展阶段随着民用航空的普及和国际间各种动荡因素，民航安全事故依旧频发，带来巨大的经济损失，其负面影响早已不容忽视过去的 2014 年，国际民用航空业面临巨大的挑战，从人们最关注的马来西亚航空 MH370、MH17 航班失联，到中国台湾复兴航空空难、阿尔及利亚航空空难，面对接连发生的民航事故，人们在沉痛哀悼遇难同胞的同时，也在对政府和航空公司施加压力，希望他们能尽量做出可以取得社会信任的措施追究责任、挽回损失、取得改变，防止事故的再次发生但因民航系统管理结构复杂，政府无法直接插足民航客机的直接运作，所以会议中既需要国家内部政府（军方）的管理与航空公司在利益方面的协调，又需要国际政府（军方） 、航空公司各方在国际利益、矛盾冲突方面的协调，且民航属于高投入型产业，每一次变革都意味着极大成本的投入，所以解决民航安全问题举步维艰国际民航组织作为联合国一个促进全世界民用航空安全、有序的发展的机构，本次允许部分国家的航空公司代表参与会议，实行双方机制航空公司是民航事业的实际运行者、民用航空器的实际拥有者和民航人才的集中所在部门，本次大会允许航空公司为己方申辩并维护合理的权利和利益，为其提供反对政府的不合理要求的平台，实现航空公司商业利益的最大化。

这种双方机制不同于普通的“一国一角” ，不仅仅有国际矛盾，也有国家内XINWEILAI MUN 2015 Background Guide - 9 -XWL Deyang 2015National Model United NationsConference for High School Students的矛盾，政府间处理民航事业的国际关系需要航空公司具体的操作运行，而一旦出现民航事故，航空公司也要顶住国际压力和政府压力，甚至可能面临破产危机我们相信，这种双方机制更有利于各位代表深入了解民航事业的复杂运行环境，更全面把握其所扮。