M5U5Grammar-省略句讲解.ppt

省略 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略省略可分以下几种情况：Readthesentencesbelow.n(It)Lookslikerain.nHi.(Itis)Nicetoseeyouagain.n(Haveyou)Forgottenmyname?n(Youcan)JustcallmePeter.nImadoctorandmywife(is)ateacher.nImnotasstrongasIwas(strong).nWhatabeautifulumbrella(itis)!Theyaresentenceswithellipsis.Nowfindsomesentenceswithellipsisinthetext.Ellipsisistheomissionofsomewordsforavoidingrepetitionandachievingtextualcohesion.Whatisellipsis?nOftentheillnessorinjuryisnotserious,butthereareothertimeswhen(theillnessorinjuryisseriousand)givingfirstaidquicklycansavelives.nBurnsarecalledfirst(degreeburns),second(degreeburns)orthirddegreeburnsnTheseaffectboththetop(layeroftheskin)andthesecondlayeroftheskin.一简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。

其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.括号内为省略的词语，下同 (I) See you tomorrow. (It) Doesnt matter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一局部e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保存toe.g. - Are you going there? - Id like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).(动词:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide,prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse等动词宾语 tell, ask, want, expect, warn等动词的宾补形容词： glad, happy, pleased, delighted, 短语：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, used to, ought to, )注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，那么须在to之后加上be或have。

e.g. - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have.4、省略表语 e.g. - Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty).5、感慨句根据上下文的省略 e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)! (Its) Simply impossible!6、介词的省略： e.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house. 一些固定词组： have a hard time (in) doing sth. waste time (in) doing sth., spend (in) doing sth. prevent/stop(from), be busy (in) doing, be engaged (in) doing, theres no use (in) doing, He failed (in) the game. The war lasted (for) four years. 但在句首和与walk等连用不可 Come and see me (at) any time you like. (in, on, at, by) He stayed (at) home all day. He walked (for ) three li. (表示距离的状语中)In) This way you will succeed.7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。

e.g. At her sisters (house), she spent a pleasant weekend.8、 连词的省略： not only but (also), whether (or not), so (that)9、情态动词should的省略 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask. Its necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity10、同时省略几个成分 e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. - Have you finished your work? - (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的局部e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.三主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。

e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一局部，用so或not 切不可用it或that代替e.g. - Is he coming back tonight?- I think so.- Is he feeling better today?- Im afraid not.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not.I imagine not. I expect not. I hope not. I guess not等但I dont think so比I think not更常用四其它省略1、连词that的省略：、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况 be+某些形容词( afraid, sure, sorry, certain, glad)； 两个(或两个以上宾语从句并列时；He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语/表语/There be 结构的主语时可省略。

Im not the man (that) I was when you knew me first. This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. This is the best way (that) we should choose. I dont like the way (that)/in which he talks to his parents.、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略 在表语从句中偶尔可省略 What they want to do is (that) they go to play basketball.2、不定式符号to的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的toe.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter.、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式， 那么不定式可省略 What he wants to do is (to) go home. 、某些使役动词如let, make, have及感官动词 如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等 后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to， 但在被动语态中须把to加上。

e.g. - I saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy was seen to fall from the tree.、介词but/except/besides前假设有动词do，后面的不定式不带toe.g. The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语(或it)与主句主语 一致时，可省去“主语 + be局部或从句的主语it参看“状语从句有关局部Look out for cars when crossing the street.Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health. 在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的局部可省略Tom plays football as well as, if not better than, Jack.(=Tom plays football as well as Jack does, if he doesnt play better than Jack does.)We should think more of our class than of ourselves.4、连词if在局部虚拟条件句中可省略， 但后面的语序有变化参见“倒装句有关局部5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。

e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).1.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_regularly,canimproveourhealth.(2021浙江)A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout解析：答案选C本句的if_regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是properamountsofexercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is,故省略了itis,完整形式是：ifitiscarriedout高考真题2.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecarsengine._,wedbettertakeitt。