英语科普文章.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑英语科普文章科普英语阅读篇二:英语科普文章科普文章(英汉)1篇三:英语科普文章 生物与环境平衡的危机 The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world. During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation, as a scientist has said. It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time. The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature. To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as pests. It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. 地球上生命的历史一向就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。

在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的考虑到地球上生命存在的整个时间，相反作用，即生命对其周边环境的实际变更作用，却相对很小只有在当前这个世纪(指20世纪)才有一个物种--人类，获得了强大的气力，变更了其所生存的世界的自然状态 在过去的1/4世纪中，这种气力不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危害甚至致命物质，而当今这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，变更着地球的自然状态，也就是变更着地球上生命的自然状态喷洒到农田、森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并彼此相传，形成了一个中毒与死亡的链条化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以新的形式展现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯真的井水的人遭遇了不明之害正如一位科学家所言：“人类甚至对自己创造的恶魔都不熟悉 地球历经了大量亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命经过了确定时间--不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间--生命开头适应环境，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。

但是在现代世界中，时间这一因素已经没有了 环境变更的速度不再遵从大自然冷静不迫的节奏，而是遵从人类急忙匆促的步伐辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物化学制品那么是人类有研发创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，在自然界本无相应的东西 为了适应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间而即使这样，就算展现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，由于新的化学制品从我们的测验室中源源不断地涌出仅在美国，每年就有大约500种化学制品投入使用，其中大量是用于人类对自然的战役中从20世纪40年头中期起，人类已经创造了200多种根本化学制品用来歼灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的“有害生物” 我不是说人类决不能使用化学杀虫剂我要说的是，我们不分青红皂白地将这些有毒的、具有强大生物功能的化学制品，交给了那些对这些制品的潜在危害根本上或者完全无知的人去使用我们使众多的人接触这些有毒物质，却没有征得他们的同意，并往往将他们蒙在鼓中我还要说的一点是，我们允许使用这些化学制品，却事先很少或者根本没有调查它们对土壤、水、野生生物以及人类自身造成的影响。

我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界生态统一的关切，对此，我们的后代是不成能原谅的 基因技术能否使人更聪明？Get Smart Many people dream of having a smarter brain. Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z. Tsien found the key. In September he announced that he’d built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory. A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans. The secret lies in a feature of brain cells called the nmda receptor, which Tsien likens[1] to a cylindrical。