短暂性动词和延续性动词.doc

短暂性动词和延续性动词可以从字面上理解，持续的动作就是延续动词，反之就是瞬间动词（短暂动词），这个有这种感觉还是很好理解的，你看看下面的浅谈吧 延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词: open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish 1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop 等 终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的 如：have a cold 是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。

I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到达 n.）. I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold 是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无， catch 可用 take,get 代替 Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold. Take care not to get cold. 但是，若 cold 前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省 如：Brown has taken a slight cold. 注意下列句子： I have caught a cold for over a week.(×) I have had a cold for over a week.( ) 2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain 等 延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用；这类动词如用于进行时态，则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。

He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×) He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.( ) 3、代替终止性动词的方法 a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用 have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be ＋married 代 marry 2、be＋ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be ＋dead 代 die 4、be＋asleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、be ＋awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be＋gone 代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be ＋open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be ＋missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用 “be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代 start,begin 2“be＋up”代 get up 3“be＋back(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move to 巩固练习：（同义转换，每空一词）１.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.Li Lei the Party three years ago.Li Lei the Party three years.three years Li Lei joined the Party. Three years Li Lei joined the Party.2.My father left Gucheng last week. My father Gucheng last week.My father Gucheng a week.3.The factory opened in 1996.The factory ten years.The factory since 1996.4. His grandfather died five years ago.His grandfather since .His grandfather five years.five years his grandfather died.Five years his grandfather died.5. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.Mr. Wang Beijing five days.6. The film began ten minutes ago.The film for .The film since 7. My father bought a new car two years ago.My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years.My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years ago.8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago.Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days.Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days ago.9. Jim joined the League last yeas.Jim _____ _____ a League member _____ a year.Jim _____ _____ _____ the League _____ last year.10. They came to China ten years ago.They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years.They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years ago.11. My son fell asleep half an hour ago.My son _____ _____ _____ for _____ _____ _____.My son _____ _____ _____ since _____ _____ _____ _____. 1 has been in sincehas been in forIt’s since has passed since2 has been away from sincehas been away from for3 has been open for has been open4 has been dead five years agohas been dead for It’s since has passed since5 has been in sincehas been in for6 has been on ten minuteshas been on ten minutes ago7 has had forHas had since8 has kept forHas kept since9has been for Has been in since10 have been in for have been in since11 has been asleep half an hourhas been asleep half an hour ago 。