动词-ed分词的用法讲解.doc

动词-ed 分词的用法一、基本概念1. 分词的定义1. 动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态如：Don’ t touch the glass because it is broken不要碰.那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）He is quite pleased with the design of the dress她很.喜欢那礼服的式样2) 过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句如：The excited people rushed into the building激动.的人们奔进了大楼excited people被激动了的人）We need more qualified teachers我.们需要更多合格的教师被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow明天有什么活动吗The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开如：The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了3) 过去分词做状语：-ed分词和 -ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或 while 来强调时间概念如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each. other激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if 等词如：Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语If heated, water can be turned into steam水如.果被加热，会变成水蒸气④表让步，相当于一个 though/although引导的让步状语从句如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

⑤表方式或伴随情况如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题4) 过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave,等词keep后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清★当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语如：One of the glasses was found broken有人.发现其中一个杯子破了。

They should be kept informed of the situation there应该.让他们知道那儿的形势二、特别提醒1. 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构2. 动词 have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something不定式作补语必须省去 to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作如：I had the workers do the job for me我.让工人们替我完成了工作Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。

have somebody /something doing something 分-ing词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行如：They had the tractor working all the time他.们让拖拉机一直工作着We won’ t have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话have somebody/something done过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志如：He had his hair cut yesterday他.昨天理发了Later on the center had a great many new trees planted后来，.这个中心让人种了很多树②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为如：He had his leg broken in the match last month他在.上星期的比赛中摔断了腿He had one eye lost in the war.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。

3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：the bridge to be built将要建造的桥 (表示将来的动作)the bridge being built正在建造的桥 (表示正在进行的动作)the bridge built 造好的桥 (表示完成的动作)4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised听到.那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising这.个消息很令人惊讶They were frightened to hear the frightening sound他们.听到那可怕的声音很害怕 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。

5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别试比较下面几组短语：boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。