2022年12月英语四级试题（阅读）2.docx

2022年12月英语四级试题（阅读）2Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints ( 约束 )influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don”t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth”s story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle ( 小隔间 ) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isn”t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you”ll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip ( 筹码 ) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction. 26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _____. A) demonstrate his capability B) give his boss a good impressionC) ask for as much money as he can D) ask for the salary he hopes to get 27. What can be inferred from Beth”s story? A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C) People should not be content with what they have got.D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job. 28. We can learn from the passage that ____. A) unfairness exists in salary increasesB) most people are overworked and underpaidC) one should avoid overstating one”s performanceD) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises 29. To get a pay raise, a person should______. A) advertise himself on the job marketB) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organizationD) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions 30. To be successful in negotiations, one must_____. A) meet his boss at the appropriate timeB) arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC) be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma”s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware ( 粗陶) -and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region.Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television;Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it”s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it。