专升本英语统考语法部分.ppt

大 学 英 语（B）统 考 辅 导语 法 部 分具体语法知识点冠词代词数词形容词和副词的比较级与最高级时态和语态非谓语动词情态动词虚拟语气主谓一致倒装强调各种从句冠词冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指冠词分不定冠词和定冠词• 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前e.g. an English teacher/ a second year 一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称之前例题讲解1） I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A a …anB the …a C an … aD an … the2）He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music. （《大学英语》 （B）Test 5, 36）A. /; theB. /; /C. the; /D. the; the代词代词用于指代。

包括：人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等 1．few, a few, little, a little表示意义所修饰或指代名词few“几乎没有”，具有否定意义可数a few“有一些”，具有肯定意义可数little“几乎没有”，具有否定意义不可数a little“有一些”，具有肯定意义不可数例题讲解The baby is hungry，but there's ____ milk in the bottle． A：little B：a little C：few D：a few2 2．．Both, all, neither, none, either, any Both, all, neither, none, either, any “全部”“全无”“任一”两者bothneithereither三者以上allnoneany例题讲解I had to buy _____________ these books because I don’t know which one was the best.A. bothB. some C. NeitherD. all数词数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词1．基数词表示数量（one, two, three…），序数词表示次序（first, second, third…）。

2．数词hundred, thousand, million前有基础词时不用复数；用of结构时要用复数，可表示上百、成千、数百万，e.g. They have learned about ______ in recent years. （《大学英语》（B）Test 2, 37）A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word形容词和副词的比较级的应用1.形容词和副词的应用（1）同等程度比较：as + 原级 + as e.g. Tom is as bright as Mark.汤姆和亨利一样聪明2）不同程度的比较： 比较级 + than e.g. Tom is taller than Mark.汤姆比亨利高Nancy is considered to be ________ the other students in her class.A less intelligentB the most intelligentC intelligent as wellD as intelligent as形容词和副词比较级的应用Now Helen works ______ than before.A. more carefullyB. more carefulC. much carefulD. much carefully动词的时态A. 一般现在时态肯定形式：V（原形） 或V-s /es (work/works)否定形式：助动词（do/ does) not +V (do / does not work) B. 一般过去时态肯定形式: V-ed (worked, wrote)否定形式：助动词（did) not +V. (did not work / write)C. 一般将来时态肯定形式：will / shall / be going to V 否定形式：will not / shall not / be not going to +V • He ___________ to me last week. A. is writingB. writes C. wroteD. is written• At that time, she ________ on a journey with her friend. A is B was C has been D is beingD. 现在进行时肯定形式：be (is/am/are)+ Ving 否定形式：be (is /am/are) not +VingE. 过去进行时肯定形式: was/were + Ving （was/were + writing） 否定形式: was / were not +Ving （was/were not + writing） • I fell and hurt myself while I _______ football yesterday.A was playingB am playingC playD playedF. 现在完成时肯定形式：have / has + P.P. （have /has written）否定形式：have / has not +P.P. （have /has not written）了。

G. 过去完成时：肯定形式:had + P.P. （had written）否定形式:had not + P.P （had not written）John's father ______ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University. A：taughtB：teaches C：has taughtD：is teachingI was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups before. （《大学英语》（B）Test 2, 45）A. was givingB. am givingC. had givenD. have given非谓语动词（一）什么是非谓语动词在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，比如作句子得主语、宾语、定语、状语等，叫做非谓语动词二）分类：非谓语动词包括动词不定式（to V)、动名词(Ving)、现在分词(Ving)、过去分词(Ved)（三）知识要点（根据在句中所作的成分）1. 作主语It’s ＋名词 /形容词+ to do / V-ing （注：只有当名词为no use/no good/no need；或形容词为useless/ worthwhile用动名词）• There is no need doing sth.e.g. _______ no need _______ the radio as I’m used to studying with it on. （《大学英语》（B）Test 6, 32）A. It’s; to turn downB. It’s; turning upC. There’s; to turn offD. There’s; turning off2. 作宾语：只有动词不定式和动名词可作宾语（1）有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。

如fail（失败）, pretend（假装）, refuse（拒绝）, manage（努力）等 ; 有些动词或动词短语后面只能用动名词作宾语如avoid（避免）, mind（介意）, suggest（建议） insist on（坚持）, succeed in, feel like（喜欢）等• During the future examinations you should avoid ________ such mistakesA makeB to makeC makingD made（2）有的及物动词既可用不定式，也可用动名词，但其意义有所不同如：remember, forget, regret, stop… ，前者表示动作还没有做，后者表示动作已经做了e.g. Don’t forget _____ a raincoat with you; it looks like rain.• to takeB) to have takenC) takingD) having taken3. 作宾语补足语:动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语e.g. We watched the plane _______ behind the clouds.A is disappearing B disappeared C being disappeared D disappearing一些表示感官词或使役动词，如see, hear, have, make, let等后面用不带to的不定式作宾补。

4. 作状语：动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词可作状语注意三者的区别：动词不定式：与主句的主语是主动关系，表示未发生的动作并且常强调目的或结果；现在分词：与主句的主语是主动关系，表示正在发生的动作；过去分词：与主句的主语是被动关系，表示已经发生的动作 from the top of the hill, the village looks more beautiful. A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeenD. See5. 非谓语动词的否定结构是在它们前面加not来构成e.g. He was very unhappy for to the party.• having not been invitedB) not having invitedC) having not invitedD) not having been invited（一） 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语常用的情态动词有can (could)， may (might), must，should (ought to), need，shall, would.主要情态动词 • The young lady coming over to us _____ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! A：must beB：can be C：would beD：could be• How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A canB mustC needD ma。