海上货物绑扎及系固.docx

海上货物的绑扎及系固Cargo's lashing & securing1 词语解释1.1 B.S. Breaking Strength 破断强度 = 4 ~ 5 SWL (or WLL)in CSS, mean the point at which the component, material or element can no longer support or sustain the load.1.2NBLnominal breaking-load破断负荷二BS1.3SWLsafe working load安全工作负荷 （用于 lifting gear）1.4WLLworking load limit工作负荷二SWL （用于lifting gear ）1.5PLproof load试验负荷 二 2 x SWL (or WLL)1.6MSLmaximum Securing Load最大系固负荷=PL 二 2 x SWL (or WLL) is a termused to define the allowable load capacity for a device used to secure cargo to a ship.1.7CS Calculate strength计算强度 = MSL / 1.51.8MSL & BSMaterials 材料MSLShackles, rings, deckeyes, turnbuckles of mild steel 低碳钢的卸扣、环、甲板眼及扣紧螺丝50% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Fibre rope纤维绳33% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Wire rope （single use）钢丝绳（一次性）80% of breaking strength 80% 的破断强度Web lashing （纤维网状绑扌M牛）70% of breaking strength 70% 的破断强度Wire rope re-useable钢丝绳（重复使用）30% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Steel band (single use)钢带(一次性)70% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Chains 链50% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Fibre straps with tensioners带有张力器的纤维带A permissible working load 允许的工作载荷Special equipment for securing containers 系固集装箱的特殊设备A permissible working load 允许的工作载荷2 起重设备 lifting facilities2.1 起重设备的最小安全负荷（SWL） > 1.05 Mg ；联合的起重设备的安全负荷之和应大于货重的1.5倍：（SWL1 + SWL2） > 1.5 Mg2.2 吊索之间的夹角应不大于45度，超过45度应采用横挡（spreader），但不得直接触碰所吊装的货物（加橡胶碰垫）2.3 所有起重设备的证书应齐全并在有效期内，现实状况良好2.4 上述的最小安全负荷，是指起货机、吊索、卸扣、横挡等中的最小安全负荷值计算。

3 局部强度 local intension3.1 通常，因海水因数的影响，货物的重量取其重量的1.05倍，即增加5％P = 1.05 x M x g / A （A = A1 + A2 + A3+ ）3.2 若没有相关的资料：3.2.1 对于主甲板的强度约 2.5 吨/平方米；舱盖板的强度约 1.3 吨/平方米（长度大于 100米）、0.75吨/平方米（长度小于100米）；舱底板的强度约1.75吨/平方米3.2.2或使用下列中国船级社规范设计的船舶，其中d为夏季载重线吃水（米）H为甲板 间高度位置最大许用堆装负荷，吨/平方米内底D货舱内货物甲板H/1.39货舱内舱口盖H/1.39露天甲板0.865露天舱口盖甲板0.8653.3 垫木的厚度通常25毫米以上（长度150x25毫米）但是重货的垫木厚度要求50毫米以上（长度150x50毫米），对于厚度超过75毫米的垫木更欢迎，可是要注意木纹的方向3.4 两块垫木用铁钉连接起来，可以接受，只是要注意木纹的方向4 Rule of thumb method 经验法4.1 Rule of thumb method4.1.1 for cargo stowed under weather deck, Total breaking strength of lashing' 2 x m x glocationAccelerationAnglesLashing used to secure cargo or vechicles should have a breaking load of at least 3 times the design load, the design load being the total weight of the cargo or cargo plus vehicle subject to acceleration ofAthwartships0.7 g55Longitudinally0.3 g73Vertically1.0 g4.1.2 for roll periods more than 13 seconds, total breaking strength of lashing > 3 x m x g4.2 CSS & CSM4.2.1 The total MSL value of the securing devices on each side of a unit of cargo (port as well as starboard) should be equal the weight of the unit. Namely, for transverse, MSL> mg.—宗货物每一侧(左舷或右舷)的绑扎装置MSL值的总和应等于该宗货物的重量。

4.2.2 This method, which implies a transverse acceleration of 1 g(9.81 m/sec2), applies to nearly any size of ship regardless of the location of stowage, stability and loading condition, season and area of operation. The method however, neither takes into account the adverse effects of lashing angles and non-homogeneous distribution of force among the securing devices nor favorable of friction.这种方法等于假定横向加速度1g (9.81 m/s2),并适用于任何季节和海域，壬何稳性情况和载况及任何积载位置的任意大小的船舶然而本方法既没有考虑绑扎角和绑扎 设备之间的不均匀的不利作用，也没有考虑摩擦力的有效作用；4.2.3 Transverse lashing angles to the deck should not be greater than 60 and it is important that adequate friction is provided by the use of suitable materials. Additional lashings at angles of greater than 60 may be desirable to prevent tipping but are not to be counted inthe number of lashing under the rule-of thumb. 相对甲板的绑扎角不得大于 60，同时用适当的材料保证有适当的摩擦力是很重要的。

凭经验为防止货物倾斜可要求设置大于60角的附加绑扎，但不得计入绑扎数5 Advanced calculate method(CSM chapter 1994/1995 and 1997 amendment)5.1 MSL 最大系固负荷5.1.1 Manufacturers of securing equipment should at least supply information on the nominal breaking strength of the equipment in kilo 一 newtons (kN);系固设备的生产厂家应至少提供该设备的名义破断强度值，以kN为单位；5.1.2 “maximum securing load (MSL) is a term used to define the load capacity for a deviceused to secure cargo to a ship;"最大系固载荷"(MSL )是用于定义船上系固货物的设备承载能力的术语；5.1.3 Maximum securing load is to securing devices as safe working load is to lifting tackle, the MSL for different securing devices are given below (table 1 )if not given under 3. the MSL of timber should be taken as 0.3 kN per cm2 normal to the grain.系固设备的最大系固载荷就象起吊索具的安全工作载荷一样。

各种系固设备的MSL给出如下，如果没有在下表给出顺纹理木材的MSL取0.3 Kn / cm25.1.4 （table 1）由破断强度确定MSLMaterials 材料MSLShackles, rings, deckeyes, turnbuckles of mild steel 低碳钢的卸扣、环、甲板眼及扣紧螺丝50% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Fibre rope纤维绳33% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Wire rope （single use）钢丝绳（一次性）80% of breaking strength 80% 的破断强度Web lashing （纤维网状绑扌M牛）70% of breaking strength 70% 的破断强度Wire rope re-useable钢丝绳（重复使用）30% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Steel band (single use)钢带(一次性)70% of breaking strength 50% 的破断强度Chains 链50% of breakin。