TheOralApproach.ppt

The Oral Approach (Situational Language Teaching) •Definition•Background•Theoretical basis•Main features •Objects•Techniques• Advantages• DisadvantagesDefinition•The Oral Approach is a grammar-based method •Grammar and vocabulary proceed from easy to difficult without sharp breaks•practiced through meaningful situation-based activities.Background•The origins of this approach began with the work of British applied linguists in the 1920s and 1930s.•Two important and influential figures were Harold Palmer and A.S Hornby.•vocabulary played one of the important roles in foreign language learning Theoretical basis•Theory of language as a type of British “structuralism.” •A type of behaviorist habit-formation theory. •Like the Direct Method, Use inductive approach to teaching.•Following naturalistic principles of language learning.•Students are also expected to apply the language learned to situations outside the classroom.Main features•Language teaching begins with the spoken language. •The target language is the language of the classroom.•New language points are introduced and practiced.•Vocabulary selection procedures are followed to ensure that an essential general service vocabulary is covered.•Items of grammar are graded following the principle that simple forms should be taught before complex one.•Reading and writing are introduced once a sufficient lexical and grammatical basis is established.Objectives•To get a practical command of the four skills of language (l/s/r/w)•Accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial•Errors are to be avoided at all costsHow to teach?teachers•the teacher serves as a model..•the teacher is required to be a skillful manipulator.•the teacher lookout for grammatical and structural errors.Techniques•Situations for presenting new sentence patterns and drill-based manner of practicing them.•Situation can mean the use of concrete objects, pictures, and realia, which together with actions and gestures•The practice techniquesThe practice techniques•Choral repetition齐声复述•Individual imitation个人模仿 •Dictation•Drills操练•Controlled oral-based reading and writing tasksAdvantages•the first attempt to establish theoretical principles to develop a methodological framework for teaching English as a foreign language in ELT history.•Making up some shortcomings of the Direct Method, emphasis on the function of situation. Disadvantages•Not concerned with appropriateness or rules for use in real discourse.•The approach being largely a grammar-based one. 。