科学英语：具有“认知”能力的水下机器人.docx

For the last decade, scientists have deployed1 increasingly capable underwater robots to map and monitor pockets of the ocean to track the health of fisheries, and survey marine2 habitats and species. In general, such robots are effective at carrying out low-level tasks, specifically assigned to them by human engineers -- a tedious and time-consuming process for the engineers. When deploying3 autonomous4 underwater vehicles (AUVs), much of an engineer's time is spent writing scripts, or low-level commands, in order to direct a robot to carry out a mission plan. Now a new programming approach developed by MIT engineers gives robots more "cognitive5" capabilities6, enabling humans to specify7 high-level goals, while a robot performs high-level decision-making to figure out how to achieve these goals.For example, an engineer may give a robot a list of goal locations to explore, along with any time constraints8, as well as physical directions, such as staying a certain distance above the seafloor. Using the system devised by the MIT team, the robot can then plan out a mission, choosing which locations to explore, in what order, within a given timeframe. If an unforeseen event prevents the robot from completing a task, it can choose to drop that task, or reconfigure the hardware to recover from a failure, on the fly.In March, the team tested the autonomous mission-planning system during a research cruise off the western coast of Australia. Over three weeks, the MIT engineers, along with groups from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Australian Center for Field Robotics, the University of Rhode Island, and elsewhere, tested several classes of AUVs, and their ability to work cooperatively to map the ocean environment.The MIT researchers tested their system on an autonomous underwater glider9, and demonstrated that the robot was able to operate safely among a number of other autonomous vehicles, while receiving higher-level commands. The glider, using the system, was able to adapt its mission plan to avoid getting in the way of other vehicles, while still achieving its most important scientific objectives. If another vehicle was taking longer than expected to explore a particular area, the glider, using the MIT system, would reshuffle its priorities, and choose to stay in its current location longer, in order to avoid potential collisions."We wanted to show that these vehicles could plan their own missions, and execute, adapt, and re-plan them alone, without human support," says Brian Williams, a professor of aeronautics10 and astronautics at MIT, and principal developer of the mission-planning system. "With this system, we were showing we could safely zigzag11 all the way around the reef, like an obstacle course."词汇解析： 1 deployed （尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy 的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用参考例句：Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。

The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的2 marine adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n. 水兵参考例句：Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队3 deploying （尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy 的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用参考例句：Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

4 autonomous adj.自治的；独立的参考例句：They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务5 cognitive adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的参考例句：As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠6 capabilities n.能力( capability 的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数] 潜在能力参考例句：He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。

来自辞典例句Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能 来自 About Face 3 交互设计精髓7 specify vt.指定，详细说明参考例句：We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么8 constraints 强制( constraint 的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束参考例句：Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自 About Face 3 交互设计精髓9 glider n.滑翔机；滑翔导弹参考例句：The glider was soaring above the valley.那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。

The pilot managed to land the glider on a safe place.那个驾驶员设法让滑翔机着陆到一个安全的地方10 aeronautics n.航空术，航空学参考例句：National Aeronautics and Space undertakings have made great progress.国家的航空航天事业有了很大的发展He devoted every spare moment to aeronautics.他把他所有多余的时间用在航空学上11 zigzag n.曲折，之字形；adj. 曲折的，锯齿形的； adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行参考例句：The。