
新编英语教程第六册.ppt
70页新编英语教程新编英语教程上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社 第六册第六册Concept of Teaching: Teaching is the establishment of an environment for effective learning•Roles of teacher :• planner, manager (controller, director, conductor, instructor), prompter, presenter, resource, consultant, participant, diagnostician, assessor, etc;•Roles of students:• previously as passive recipients; • multiple roles: participant, interactor or negotiator, resource or assessor;Course Description:•Beyond reading comprehension: •Analysis and application of what has been learned: speaking, writing and translation;•Development of critical thinking;•Aspects of learning: • Theme, Purpose of writing, Point of view, Style, Structure, Rhetorical features, Diction, Translation (either for checking comprehension or developing translation skill); OBJECTIVES FOR EACH LESSON •General Idea and massage of the text;•Purpose of writing and Background information;•Writer’s opinion and tone of the passage;•Outline or structure of the text;•Linguistic strategies involved;•Style and rhetorical techniques;•CF: Purpose of the course (Xiamen University)•Develop an overall proficiency in four skills•Develop critical ability in reading texts•Reinforce grammatical competence. FORMAT OF TEACHING: •Pre-reading Activities: •Brainstorming or pre-reading questions and discussions for warming up;•Comprehension and Analysis:•Questions and answers for checking understanding;•Analysis of some style and rhetorical techniques involved;•Translation of some difficult expressions or sentences to check and enhance comprehension;•Post reading Activities:•Comments on the passage orally or in writing;•Exercises in Workbook;•Writing short passage of the similar style or theme;Teaching setup and requirements a a. Six class hours per unit. Six class hours per unitb b. Lecture + workshop+ seminar. Lecture + workshop+ seminarc c. Pre-class review required. Pre-class review requiredd d. Exercises (completed on individual . Exercises (completed on individual basis, selected for discussion)basis, selected for discussion)e e.Text II included in exams.Text II included in examsCourse evaluation:a. 60-70% coverage of text- or exercises-related samples;b.TEM-8 - related material for Juniors;CONTENTS •UNIT TWO •Text I The fine Art of Putting Things Off •Text II Gossip •UNIT THREE•Text I Walls and Barriers •Text II Barrier Signals •UNIT SIX•Text I Dull Work •Text II Doing Chores •UNIT SEVEN• Text I Beauty •Text II Sexism in English: A Feminist View •UNIT EIGHT•Text I Appetite •Text II Wanting an Orange •UNIT NINE•Text I A Red Light for Scofflaws •Text II Trust • •UNIT TEN•Text I Straight-A Illiteracy •Text II The Qualities of Good Writing •UNIT ELEVEN• Text I On Consigning Manuscripts to Floppy Discs And Archives to Oblivion •Text II This Is Progress? •UNIT TWELVE• Text I Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts •Text II Grant and Lee •UNIT THIRTEEN• Text I Euphemism •Text II Clutter •UNIT FOURTEEN•Text I That Astounding Creator --- Nature •Text II When the Young Have It Good •UNIT FIFTEEN•Text I. Teaching as Mountaineering •Text II A Liberal Education Unit Two, Text One:The Fine Art of Putting Things OffMichael Demarest Pre-reading BrainstormingPre-reading Brainstorming: :* * Do you often put things off or not? Why? Do you often put things off or not? Why? * * How can “putting things off” be a fine art? How can “putting things off” be a fine art? Comprehension---an overview of the text•Main Idea: Through depicting popularity of procrastination in nearly all the fields, the writer wanted to prove that “delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul” and “to put off making decision is itself a decision” and therefore it can be a fine and useful art.•Purpose of writing and Tone: In half serious and half-joking manner and humorous tone,Demarest expresses his view on procrastination that while in some cases it is irrational and encumbering to delay, it is justified and fruitful in others.Organization and Development: •Introduction: (P1-2) The world is probably divided between delayers and do-it-nowers;•Body: (1)(P3-7) Delay is not without its advantages: it can often inspire and revive a creative soul; examples in many fields;•Conclusion: (P8-9) Explanation and conclusion of procrastination;The ways in which paragraphs are linked---Transition of paragraphs•The use of the word "yet" at the beginning of para. 3 indicates that in this paragraph the reader will find something contrary to what he has read about in the preceding one. (Para. 2 illustrates the trouble procrastination may incur while para. 3 tells the reader that delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. )•At the beginning of para. 4, the word "cunctator" is repeated, its first occurrence being in para. 1.•Para. 5 begins with the parody of the proverb "Where there is a will, there is a way". The word "will" in the parody repeats the word "will" in the last sentence of para. 4.•"His point" at the beginning of para. 6 refers to what Manderbach says in the preceding paragraphs.•The use of the word "also" in the first sentence of para. 7 refers to a similar situation mentioned previously. Translation Exercise for Practice of Language Points (C-E) •That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son’s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever.(p.2-5) •Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reapprasail --- and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. (p.43-46)•So, for that matter, is the creation of a great paintings, or an entrée, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough’s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.(p.70-73)Post reading Activities • Write a short passage of 200 words in favor of or against the the saying “never put off till tomorrow what you can do today”.Unit Two TEXT II : GossipFrancine ProselPre-reading Brainstorming: How would you define the word “gossip”?What functions does gossip have?Main Idea of the passage •Through clarifying the present misunderstanding and distorting of the word “gossip”, the writer emphasizes the strength of gossip as the heritage, as the legacy of a certain community and other functions that it can play in the society.Structure of the passage •Introduction: (P1-2) Gossip---heritage, birthright•Body: (P3-9) Gossip: How has it been distorted? What are the functions/roles of gossip?•Conclusion: (P10) I’ll continue to cherish gossip.difficult sentences for translation (E-C)•I heard my distorted by that same false note that sometimes creeps into it when social strain and some misguided notion of amiability make me assent to opinions I don’t really share.(P.4)•I’ve often thought that gossip’s bad might be cleared by calling it “oral tradition”; for what, after all, is an oral tradition but the stories of other lives, other eras, legends from a time when human traffic with spirits and gods was considered fit for gossipy speculation? (P.6)•When one asks, “What’s the gossip ?” it’s that community that is being affirmed. (P.9)Post reading discussion •What is your attitude towards gossiping and being gossiped about? •Do you agree with Prose on the subject? Why or why not?Unit Three TEXT IUnit Three TEXT IWalls and BarriersWalls and BarriersEugene RaskinEugene Raskin►►Pre-reading QuestionsPre-reading Questions►►Why was the Great Wall built in China? What was its main Why was the Great Wall built in China? What was its main function when it was first built?function when it was first built?►►What is the relation between “walls” and “barriers”?What is the relation between “walls” and “barriers”? ---A wall is defined as a continuous and usually vertical and solid ---A wall is defined as a continuous and usually vertical and solid structure of stones, bricks, concrete, etc. , serving to enclose or protect or structure of stones, bricks, concrete, etc. , serving to enclose or protect or divide off town, house, room, field, etc. A barrier is defined as a material divide off town, house, room, field, etc. A barrier is defined as a material object that serves as an obstruction or an obstacle to prevent object that serves as an obstruction or an obstacle to prevent communication or to check (e. g. , the advance of an enemy).communication or to check (e. g. , the advance of an enemy). In the old days, walls were erected as barriers against danger from In the old days, walls were erected as barriers against danger from without, and the Great Wall of China can serve as a typical example of without, and the Great Wall of China can serve as a typical example of this. Most walls in China function as barriers.this. Most walls in China function as barriers.Comprehension: •1) Main Idea: This passage compares classical and modern architecture as well as old and new views of money, and it contrasts the modern notion of wall-as-window with the ancient conception of wall-as-barrier. The writer’s Conclusion / point of view: Architecture is an expression of people’s mentality (attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals); therefore, changes in their views of the world and of themselves are bound to be mirrored in architecture.•2) Purpose of writing and Tone: Raskin in “Walls and Barriers” intends to illustrate and promote an opinion that changes in their views of the world and of themselves are bound to be mirrored in architecture.He achieves his purpose through logical reasoning (inductive analysis, making comparison and contrasts and cause-and-effect analysis)Organization and Development: •Introduction: (P1-2) Opening of the passage•Body: (1) (P3-5) compares classical and modern architecture as well as old and new views of money (2) (P6-10) contrasts the modern notion of wall-as-window with the ancient conception of wall-as-barrier.•Conclusion: (P11) Our changing conceptions of ourselves in relations to the world determine how we shall build our walls. •List of contrasts:•a. architectural designs of banks: paras. 3 & 4•b. function of bank: para. 4•c. classical and new criticism of architecture: para.6•d. attitude toward possible hostility in primitive and modern world: paras. 7 & 9 •e. attitude toward privacyparas. 8, 9, & 10Translation Exercise for Practice of Language Points1) I supppose---I more than suppose, I am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.(L.5-7) 2) It is the in understanding of architecture as a medium for the expression of human attitudes, prejudices,taboos and ideals that the new architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics.(L.31-) 3) The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear.(L41-43) 4) This is perhaps why it is the most “advanced” and “forward-looking” among us who live and work in glass house.Even the fear of the cast stone has been analyzed out of us. (L.74-76)Post reading Activities: • Some people think that money ought to be spent mainly on food so as to help build up strong constitution; but some think that it is more important for a person to try to make himself look smart. Develop a short passage, comparing and contrasting the two different viewUnit Three TEXT II Barrier Signals Desmond Morris•Pre-reading Brainstorming: •What is body language? What do you know about it? --- nonverbal communication; body language / kinesics --- message of space: space; territoriality; proxemics;•What is barrier signal? What are functions of barrier signals? •Examples of barrier signals?•Reference: A dictionary of British & American Culture 胡文仲胡文仲, 外研社外研社, Main Idea of the passage: •This essay, in the form of extended definition and developed largely through examples, illustrates the Body-cross, the most popular form of Barrier SignalsStructure of the passage Introduction (P1-2): the origin and development of barrier signalsMain part (P3-12): the Body-cross --- its variables in different situations, such as greeting, standing & sittingExamples of barrier signals throughout the text by Morris:l. A little child biding behind its mother's body or a chair or some piece of solid furniture.2. A teenage girl covering up her face with hands or papers.3. The special guest on a gala occasion having his right hand reach across his body and touch his left cuff-link.4. The female guest on a gala occasion having her right hand across her body and shifting the position of her handbag. 5. A man fingering a button or the strap of a wristwatch. 6. A woman smoothing out an imaginary crease in a sleeve or repositioning the scarf or coat held over her left arm. 7. A man rubbing his hands together or clasping them firmly in front of him. 8. The arm-fold, i.e., the left and right arms intertwining themselves across the front of tile chest. 9. Pressing the tightly clasped hands down on to the crotch.10. Using the desk as a barrier.Post reading Activity • Describe situations from your experience in which you or other people made the imaginary movement of Body-cross as defined by Morris.Unit Six TEXT IUnit Six TEXT IDull WorkDull Work Eric HofferEric Hoffer Warming-up discussions on the next two topicsWarming-up discussions on the next two topics: :uu Do you think you can achieve much if you live a Do you think you can achieve much if you live a plain, ordinary life?plain, ordinary life?uu Does monotonous, routine work dull one’s mind? Does monotonous, routine work dull one’s mind?uu What does the writer mean by What does the writer mean by dulldull in “Dull Work”?in “Dull Work”? a. a. boring, not interesting or exciting;boring, not interesting or exciting; b. b. uneventful, slow-paced, inactiveuneventful, slow-paced, inactiveMain Idea •In this passage the writer tries to convince the readers that what a man can achieve does not depend on the type of work he does, or the life experiences he has; rather, it depends on his ability to transmute what seems dull and routine into what is momentous (or creativeness of a man’s mind is primary to what he can achieve).Organization and Development: •The use of the technique, classical rhetoric,for effective expository writing •Introduction: (P1) presentation of the real objective that the writer intends to attain, or the genuine concern he aims to focus on• Body: (P2—P5) the citations of numerous truly brilliant people and their reputed creations, as well as the writer’s own experiences • Conclusion: (P6) reinforcement of the topicOrganization and Development (II) The sentence that summarizes Hoffer's view on dull work could be: • What a man can achieve does not depend on the type of work he does, or the life experiences he has; rather, it depends on his ability to transmute what seems dull and routine into what is momentous.The purpose of each paragraph in the body of the passage(P2—P5):•Para. 2 People who achieve do not necessarily live eventful lives.•Para. 3 What is essential for creative work is a man's ability to make the trivial reach an enormous way.•Para. 4 An eventful life does more harm than good to a creative man.•Para. 5 How he himself has been benefited from his dull work experience. Comment on the arrangement of each paragraph in the body of the passage•The arrangement is logical and sound. Well-reputed men are cited before his own experience. The possible harmful effect of an eventful life is illustrated only after he has made it clear that an eventful life is not a must for creative achievement.difficult sentences for translation•The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences. The greatness of man is in what he can do with petty grievances and joys, and with common physiological pressures and hungers.•To a creative individual all experience is seminal---all events are equidistant from new ideas and insights---and his inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way.• chances are that had my work been of absorbing interest I could not have done any thinking and composing on the company’s time or even on my own time after returning from work.•Children and mature people thrive on dull routine, while the adolescent, who has lost the child’s capacity for concentration and is without the inner resources of the mature, needs excitement and novelty to stave off boredom.Post Reading Activities1. Translation Exercise for Practice of Language Points (C-E):• Paragraph 3: The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness…•Paragraph 6: People who find dull jobs unendurable…2.Writing a short passage of the similar style on the following topic:•“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” is generally accepted as true by many people. How do you feel about this assumption?Unit Six TEXT II Doing Chores August HeckschernPre-reading Brainstorming: 1) What is meaning of “chores”?2) What is the significance of doing chores?•Main Idea of the passageThe writer dwells on happening, work and chores and their relationship --- to season chores with work, and to intersperse them with a few happenings, is the secret of a contented existence.Purpose of writingFor those, who may be in some doubt as to the nature of chores, their variety, their pleasures and their drudgery, I am prepared to deliver a short disquisition.•Structure of the passage•Para.1: introduction: purpose of writing•Para.2-5:development: happening, work and chores and their relationship•Para.6:conclusion: to season chores with work, and to intersperse them with a few happenings, is the secret of a contented existence.• the nature of chores•Chores are repetitive. (para.2);•Chores leave no visible mark of improvement or progress behind them.(para.3);•Chores are neutral, but obligatory.(para.4);•Chores are a source of mild satisfaction.(para.5).difficult sentences for translation•To do what must be done neatly, effectively, expeditiously---”without rest and without haste” ---lights a small fire deep in the interior being and puts a man in good humor with the world.•Fortunate the man or woman who achieves just balance between these three types of activity--- as I have been able to do by good chance, and for a little space of time.•Post reading Activity:•Discussion---Do you agree with the thesis “to season chores with work, and to intersperse them with a few happenings, is the secret of a contented existence”? Why or why not ?• Unit Seven TEXT I Beauty Susan Sontag Warm-up questions¡Do you think “being beautiful” is the most desirable quality in women? Are women concerned about their outward appearance only?¡What social discrimination is implied in the old Chinese saying 男才女貌?¡List as many words as you can to describe what you think an ideal female /male should be like.¡Have you heard of or read about any observations on the topic of “beauty”? Share them with your classmates.¡If you were to write an essay on “beauty”, how would you approach this subject?•Main Idea &purpose of writing: •Through the discussion on the lexical narrowing of “beauty”, the author aims actually to exploring a feminist issue that demands public attention and discrediting modern society’s biased attitude to women as shown in the changed meaning of the word “beauty”..Analysis of the Analysis of the organizationorganization of the text of the text •Section 1 (Para 1-3): Contrast the ancient notion of “beauty” with the modern concept to introduce the topic •Section II (Para 4-7) Illustrating how women and men are viewed/treated differently to support the argument: the oppression of women –•Section III (Para 8-9 ) Pointing out how society’s gender stereotypes have affected adversely the development of women (e.g. encouraging narcissism, dependence, immaturity, passive acceptance …etc) •Section IV (Para. 10) Calling on women and the whole society to get out of the trap created by the “myth of beauty” and the resulting oppression of women Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-C)C): :1. One of Socrates’ main pedagogical acts was to be ugly—and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.2 Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.3. It does not take someone in the throes of advanced feminist awareness to perceive that the way women are taught to be involved with beauty encourages narcissism, reinforces dependence and immaturity.4. If a woman does real work—and even if she has clambered up to a leading position in politics, law, medicine, business, or whatever—she is always under pressure to confess that she still works at being attractive.5. One could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of considering persons as split between what is “inside” and what is “outside” than that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women.6.There should be a way of saving beauty form women---and for them.•Post-reading activities:•Classroom discussion•Analyze the major argumentative devices used in the essay.•How would you relate the topic discussed in this essay with the feminist issue that you have come across in your life?•Why do you think that the obligation to be beautiful has become a trap for women? To what degree do you agree with the author’s point of view in this regard?TEXT II Sexism in English: A Feminist View•Pre-reading Brainstorming: •Does culture shape language or vice versa? Is this an easy question to answer? Why?•There has been a common practice now to use all- inclusive words such as “Ms”, “chairperson”, “business person” in the place of masculine words so as to avoid sexual discrimination. How did some linguists react to this? How do you feel about such practice? Do you think such linguistic efforts will result in any significant change in culture? Why or why not?•What’s the main argument of the author? Can you find the thesis statement in the passage?•How does the author prove that there is sexism in English? Find the evidence given by the author and group them in sensible categories. Is the evidence provided powerful enough to support the author’s argument? Main Idea of the passage Sexism is deep seated in English. Thesis: •(Title ) Sexism in English•(end of Para 3) “how really deep-seated sexism is in our communication system” •Structure of the passage ((I)):•para.1—3:introduction of the topic, that is, sexism as part of culture shapes language•para.4—9:words from women’s body versus those indicating men’s mind or activities•para.10—14:sexual connotations are given to feminine words while the masculine words retain a serious, businesslike aura•Cf: Analysis from XU, next page:•Organization (II):1. Presenting the topic(Para 1-3) starting with the observation on the relation between CULTURE and LANGUAGE, to bring in the topic for discussion, i.e. “how our language (English) reflects the sexual discrimination in our culture.”2. Giving evidence to show sexism in English (linguistic evidence) 1) Words that originated from people’s names (para 4-6) 2) Geographical names (para 7-9) preoccupation with women’s breasts 3) Pairs of words / cognate terms /male-female counterparts (Para 10-13) (with different semantic features)3. Conclusion (English is a male-centred language)A list of the differences between “masculine words” & “feminine words” in English from the text:•1. Whereas a woman's body is considered more important, a man's mind or his activities are valued. Examples:• 1) many men's names are used as everyday words, but women's names used as everyday words are only one-fifth of men's names, most of which came from Greek mythology.• 2) Topless Topography -- words like Tetons, Nipples, Teats are used as names of mountains and peaks. Men's names in place names have nothing to do with the men's bodies, e.g., Jackson Hole and Pikes Peak.•2. A serious tone for masculine words, e.g., call boy, Sir, master. Sexual connotation for feminine words, e.g., call girl, madam, mistress.•3. Masculine words are mostly the base words, e. g., usher, hero. Feminine words have suffixes added to the base words, e.g., usherette, heroine.•4. Masculine words form compounds, e. g., king --- kingdom, sportsman --- sportsmanship.• Feminine words form no compounds, e.g., queen, sportswoman.•5. In the area dealing with sex and marriage, feminine words are dominant, e.g., prostitute, widow, bride.• In this area, masculine words are not the base words, e.g., man prostitute, widower, bridegroom.•Post-reading activity:•Discussion and assignment: •Give further examples to show sexism in English and / or in ChineseUnit EightUnit Eight TEXT I TEXT I AppetiteAppetite Laurie LeeLaurie Lee•Warming-up discussions on the next two topics:1) What are the dictionary definitions of “appetite”?2) If you have an appetite for food or for something else, do you as a rule try hard to satisfy it? Will you feel disappointed if your appetite is not satisfied? Why or why not?•“appetite” means:a. a desire for food or drinkb. a desire to satisfy, any bodily need or cravingc. a strong desire or liking for something; fondness; tastee.g. she gave him just enough information to whet his appetite.•Main Idea:•By interpreting what “appetite” means to him, the author actually is seeking to explain to his readers a relatively more abstract idea (“appetite” in its broad sense), a subject, a look at how to keep away from boredom in life.•Purpose in writing: •to give a more general difinition of “appetite” and call attention to the importance of preserving it as a source of satisfaction in life. Organization and Development:•Section I: (P1-3) defining the word “appetite” in a broad sense•Section II: (P4—P7)Topic and examples of fasting to illustrate the happiness that can be derived from the preservation of appetite•Conclusion: (P8) reinforcement of the topicDifficult Sentences for Translation (E-C):1) Appetite is the keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and juices.2) By appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any burning in the blood that prove you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet used up your life.3) It is a long time now since I knew that acute moment of bliss that comes from putting parched lips to a cup of cold water. The springs are still there to be enjoyed --- all one needs is the original thirst.• Post reading Activities:1). Exercises in Workbook2). Develop a passage, commenting on either of the following:–Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did.–One of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the waning, not the satisfaction.Unit Eight TEXT IIWanting an Orange Larry Woiwode •Main Idea of the passage:: Childhood memory of oranges in the winters in North Dakota in the 1940’s.•Structure of the passagePara.1—11: childhood recollections of the orangePara.12—16: a sensory description of the ways of cutting, dividing, and eating an orange Para.17: life brought by the orange upon the monotonous atmosphere of the North Dakota wintry world•Paraphrase the following sentences:1.There was no depth of degradation that we wouldn’t descend to in order to get one. --- In order to get an orange, ue wouldn't mind going through humiliation and disgrace.2.Each orange, stripped of its protective wrapping, as vivid in your vision as a pebbled sun, encouraged you to picture a whole pyramid of them in a bowl on your dining room table. --- With its wrapping taken off, each orange looked like a shining sun as round as a pebble, and you were led to imagine a bowl filled with oranges on the table in your dining room.3.… and the eruption of smell and the watery fireworks as a knife, in the hand of someone skilled, like our mother, goes slicing through the skin so perfect for slicing. ---When someone who is skilled in using a knife, just like our mother, cuts the orange into slices, the sweet smell of the orange permeates the room and the juice of the fruit just splatters.4.Sputtering ignitions can also be produced by squeezing a peel near a candle (at least one candle is always going at Christmastime), and leftover peels are set on the stove top to scent the house. --- If you squeeze an orange peel near a burning candle (as there is always at least one candle lit at Christmas season), you can see flickering flames. You put the remaining peels on the top of the stove to give the house a pleasant smell.5.And if indeed you have sensed yourself coming down in a cold, there is a chance that you will feel it driven from your head---your nose and sinuses suddenly opening --- in the midst of the scent of peel and eating an orange. ( --- And if you really feel that you are suffering from a bad cold, the sweet smell of the orange peel and the good taste of an orange will cure you of your cold, and your nose and sinuses will be clear.Unit Nine Text I:A Red Light for Scofflaws Pre-reading Activitiesw Warming-up discussions on the next topics:wLook up the word “scofflaw” in an unabridged dictionary. What is the definition of this word? How is the compound word made up?wAre scofflaws found in our society? Specifically, who are they?wWhat sort of people do you think Trippett refers to by “scofflaws”?wWhat is meant by “A Red Light for Scofflaws”?•Main Idea: •The writer demonstrates the abundance of scofflaws in USA and their dangers and calls on both the American public and the administration to check the spread of the scofflaw spirit because it is a cause of social demoralization. Organization and Development: •Introduction: (P1)The Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes.•Body: (P2—P8)Scofflaws abound in amazing variety and the dangers of scofflawry vary widely.•Conclusion: (P9) The scofflaw spirit is dangerously infectious; something must be done to check its spread.•Topic sentences for all the paragraphs:Para. 1 No thesis statement. This paragraph introduces the topic of the essay: Millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes.Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Para. 3 The dangers of scofflawry vary widely.Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner.Para. 5 The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood.Para. 6 . . . scofflaws are . . . a symptom of elementary social demoralization.Para. 7 The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette.Para. 8 Scofflawry at various levels of social life was by no means a less serious menace to the foundation of law of the U. S. than violent crimes. (Implied)Para. 9 This conclusive paragraph contains the thesis statement: The scofflaw spirit is dangerously infectious; something must be done to check its spread.•When we put all the topic sentences together, what we get is a nicely worked out sentence outline for the writer to work on, and a highly condensed gist of the essay for the reader. All the topic sentences are richly illustrated with the exception of para. 6, which seems a bit weak in its development.Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-C):It is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course.Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril.If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw’s salute to the force of law-and-order. On a high level, the Administration in Washington has dramatized its wish to nullify civil rights laws simply by opposing instead of supporting certain court-ordered desegregation rulings.•Post Reading Activities1.Exercises in Workbook2.Write a short essay on the scofflawry on your campus. You may focus on one of the scofflaws. The information you gather can be based upon your personal experience or observation, or whatever. Remember that your essay should be amply illustrated.Translate para. 5 into Chinese Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and it may be in individual instances./when the violation become habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved./The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood./Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril./The significances of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility./If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw’s salute to the force of law-and-order./The red-light runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitions and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order.Unit Nine TEXT IITrust Andy Rooney•Pre-reading Brainstorming: –How do you understand the word “trust”?–Describe your experiences concerning “trust”.•Main Idea of the passage: Through his own experiences and observation, the writer elaborates importance of trust in our society.•Structure of the passage:Para.1—4: a personal experience to bring forth the topic of trustPara.5—10: trust is out first inclination because the whole structure of our society depends on our mutual trust, not distrust.Para.11: reiterate the subject of trust --- echoing to the introduction.Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-C):•I was late and if anyone asked me how fast I was driving, I’d have to plead the Fifth Amendment to avoid self-incrimination.•Like most of us, I’m more apt to be restrained from doing something bad by the social convention that disapproves of it than by any law against it.•The patsies, the suckers, the people who always assume everyone else is as honest as they are, make out better in the long run than the people who distrust everyone --- and they’re a lot happier even if they get taken once in awhile.。
