翻译概论 第六章.ppt

Chapter 6 The Nature of Translation1.Clarify the term translation:In this book, translation is applied to any material presented in a linguistic form in a source language and represented in a linguistic form in a target language.Therefore, we have translation (written form) interpretation (oral form). Sign language is not included for its visual form, e.g. P76.Models of translationvPreliminary models of translation 1) based on interlingual transfersa sender→ a message →a translator→a message→ a recipient 2) based on the messagea source text → a translation process →a translation 3) based on the activity involvedencoding→ decoding→ mediation → encoding→ decodingSpecific models of translation1.Comprehensive models (P79)vfrom the original text to the translation workvFeatures: the author is inviolate, translation is descriptive and predominantly retrospective 2. Process-oriented models Wolfram Wilss (P79)Eugene Nida (P81)Daniel Gile (P82) 3. Managerial modelsGeoffery Samuelsson-Brown (P84)Relay: 1.There is no authentic audience in the first rendition, since the only recipient is the interpreter. 2.The intermediary translation has an audience, recipients of its own. 3.Deviations in translation process caused by cultural differencesThe original and the autonomous translation 1.The source text does not become an original until it has been subjected to a translation process which leads to a target-language produce. 2. The creation of a translation (P88) 3. Translation as autonomous texts (P89)Coexistence 1. Coexistence of the source text and a translation in another language. 2. Coexistence of the translations in different target languages. 3. Coexistence of several translations of the same source text.Summary:The author discusses some models of translation and analyzes salient features in different models. It benefits a lot in our translation practice.。