英语四级阅读理解练习及答案详解(50).docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可编辑英语四级阅读理解练习及答案详解(50) 导读：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点：很难活动) Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(其次段与第一段形成对比，说明industrialism 工业化 要求家庭必需活动，导致大家庭变得越来越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成员：男人和女人。

) A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最终一段说明工业化背景下，参与工作和要孩子之间存在冲突) 全文翻译：工业化之前的典型的家庭模式不仅包括很多孩子，而且还有许多其他的家庭成员----祖父母，叔叔，婶婶，堂兄妹等这样的大家庭适合在慢节奏的农业社会中生存，但这样的家庭很难迁移和活动工业化需要大量愿意并能够离开家乡外出探寻工作的工人，而且他们可以依据需要随时活动这样，大家庭慢慢摆脱了多余的成员，而所谓的 核心家庭 便消失了：这种家庭是只包括父母和小孩的迁移便利的小家庭。

这种远远比传统大家庭更易于活动的新型家庭模式便成为全部工业国家的标准模式然而，超级工业化，即下一个阶段的生态科技的进展，要求家庭具有更大的活动性因此我们期盼：在将来，很多人选择实行连续进一步缩小的家庭模式除了孩子，把家庭缩减到它的最基本成员，即只有一个男人和一个女人夫妻两人，或许由于职业旗鼓相当，将比孩子成群的家庭在接受训练和处理社会问题方面更加爱得心应手，在更换工作类型和工作地点的方面更为有效折中的解决方法就是推迟要孩子，而不是不要孩子现在的男人和女人在忠于事业和抚养孩子之间总是引起冲突在将来，很多夫妇会把全力以赴抚养孩子推迟到退休以后，以回避这一问题 导读：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点：很难活动。

) Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(其次段与第一段形成对比，说明industrialism 工业化 要求家庭必需活动，导致大家庭变得越来越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成员：男人和女人。

) 4 / 4。