
ArthritisandOtherJointConditions.ppt
30页Arthritis and Other Joint Conditions关节炎和其他关节情况Arthritis TypesnRheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿nOsteoArthritis 骨关节炎nInfectious (Septic) Arthritis 感染性关节炎Other Joint ConditionsnGout 痛风nPseudogout 假痛风nTorn/Strained Ligaments 韧带撕裂/劳损nTorn Cartilage 软骨撕裂nTendinitis 肌腱炎nBursitis 滑囊炎Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿nDescription:nInflames Synovial Membranes in joint 关节滑膜炎nAbnormal Immune System Activity异常的免疫系统活动nSynovial Tissue Thickens 滑膜组织增厚nCauses ongoing inflammation and cartilage breakdown导致持续的炎症和软骨破裂Rheumatoid ArthritisnSymptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling in joints of hands, wrists, elbows, feet, ankles, knees, and neck症状:手指,手腕、肘、足, 踝,膝盖和颈部疼痛、僵硬、关节肿胀nDiagnosis: joint examination, medical history, several tests诊断:关节检查、病史,化验nRisk Factors: Age, Gender (female), genetic susceptibility, smoking风险因素:年龄、性别(女性),遗传易感性,吸烟Rheumatoid ArthritisnTreatment:nPhysical Therapy: exercise, heat/cold, massagenOccupational TherapynBiofeedback (to control pain)nCounsellingnAccupuncturenSupplementsnBlood Filtering (severe cases)n治疗: 物理治疗,运动,热/冷敷,按摩 专业治疗 生物制剂(控制疼痛) 咨询 针灸 补充 血液透析(严重病例)OsteoArthritisnDescription: Cartilage breakdown in joints; eventually can cause bone damagenSymptoms: pain in joints, limited Range of Motion, tenderness/swelling, deformityn描述:在关节软骨破坏;最终会导致骨损伤 症状:关节疼痛、活动范围有限,压痛/肿胀、关节畸形OsteoArthritisnDiagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, Blood TestsnRisk Factors: Age, Gender (female), previous joint injuries, obesity, weak thigh muscles, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or hemochromatosisn 诊断:体检,x射线,血液化验 n风险因素:年龄、性别(女性),以前的联合损伤、肥胖、大腿肌肉瘦消, 痛风、类风湿关节炎、血色素沉着症OsteoArthritisnTreatment:nMedications: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, Surgery: arthroscopy, joint replacement, hip replacement, arthrodesis (fusing)n 治疗: 糖皮质激素,药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药, n关节置换手术:关节镜, 髋关节置换,关节固定术(融合)Infectious/Septic ArthritisnDescription: joint inflammation as a result of an infection by bacteria, virus, parasites, or fungi; can damage tissuenSymptoms: joint pain, redness, swelling, weight loss, fatigue, fever/chillsn描述:关节炎症的感染由细菌,病毒,寄生虫,或真菌,能破坏组织 n 症状:关节疼痛、发红、肿胀、体重减轻、疲劳、发热/寒战Infectious/Septic ArthritisnDiagnosis: blood tests, bone scans, X-Rays, MRI, CT scans, Bone BiopsynRisk Factors: weakened immune system, diabetes, removed spleen, gonorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, immuno-depressant drugsn 诊断:血液检查、骨扫描、x射线、MRI、CT扫描,骨活检 n风险因素:免疫系统低下, 糖尿病,切除脾脏,淋病、风湿性关节炎、免疫抑制药物Infectious/Septic ArthritisnTreatment:nTreat infection: antibiotics, antiviral drugsnDrain fluid around jointnSurgeryn治疗: 治疗感染:抗生素、抗病毒药物 清除关节腔积液 n手术GoutnDescription: High concentration of urate crystals in bloodnSymptoms: inflammation/tenderness, pain, redness nDiagnosis: Urine Tests, Blood Testsn描述:高浓度的血液中尿酸盐晶体 n症状:炎症和肿胀,疼痛,红肿 n诊断:尿液化验,血液化验GoutnRisk Factors:Excessive alcohol consumption, High BP, Diabetes, High cholesterol, Genetics, Age, Gender (male)nTreatment: nMedication: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, uric acid lowering medicationsnAdjust diet and alcohol consumptionn 风险因素:过度饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇、遗传、年龄、性别(男性) n治疗: 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素,降低尿酸药物 调整饮食和饮酒Pseudogout nDescription: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate crystals in bloodnSymptoms: inflammation, tenderness, redness, joint painnDiagnosis: X-Rays, Joint fluid analysis描述:焦磷酸钙二水物晶体的血液 症状:炎症、肿胀,发红、关节疼痛 诊断:x射线,关节液分析PseudogoutnRisk Factors: Age, Genetic disorder, Excess iron in bloodnTreatment:nMedications: NSAIDS, ColchicinenJoint AspirationnRestn 风险因素:年龄、遗传障碍,血液中多余的铁 治疗: 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药,秋水仙碱 关节吸引术 n休息Torn/Strained LigamentsnDescription: Stretched/Torn Ligaments (ligaments hold bones together in a joint)nSymptoms: Pain, Swelling. Limited mobility, nDiagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, MRIn描述:劳损/撕裂韧带 n症状:疼痛、肿胀。
活动受限 n诊断:体检,x射线,核磁共振Torn/Strained LigamentsnRisk Factors: Previous injury, “loose” ligamentsnTreatment:nRestnRehabilitationnMedication: NSAIDSnSurgeryn风险因素:之前的受伤,“宽松”的韧带n 治疗: 休息 康复 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药 手术Torn CartilagenDescription: torn cartilage nSymptoms: instant pain, swelling, “locked” jointnDiagnosis: Physical Exam, MRIn 描述:软骨撕裂n症状:疼痛、肿胀、关节“锁定” n诊断:体检,核磁共振Torn CartilagenRisk Factors: none knownnTreatment: nRehabilitationnArthroscopic SurgerynInvasive Surgeryn风险因素:未知n 治疗: 康复 内窥镜手术 侵入性手术TendinitisnDescription: inflammation in tendon (tendon connects muscle to bone)nSymptoms: gradually increasing pain, sore to touch, swelling, stiffnessnDiagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical/ Activity History, MRI, X-Raysn描述:肌腱炎症 (肌腱连接肌肉骨骼) n症状:逐渐增加疼痛、触摸痛、肿胀、僵硬 诊断:体检、过去史/活动历史、MRI、x射线TendinitisnRisk Factors: repetitive tasksnTreatment:nIce/HeatnNSAIDSnSurgeryn 风险因素:重复的工作活动 n治疗: 冷/热敷 非甾体类抗炎药 手术BursitisnDescription: Swelling of the bursa Symptoms: Swell/Pain when pressure applied, pain, stiffnessnDiagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical History, Draw Bursa Fluid for testingn 描述:滑囊肿胀 n症状:膨胀/加压时疼痛,疼痛、僵硬 n 诊断:体检,病史,囊液化验BursitisnRisk Factors: Repetitive tasks; people who work on their knees (carpet layers, roofers, gardeners)nTreatment:nMedications: NSAIDS, CorticosteroidsnIcenDrain extra fluidsnSurgeryn风险因素:重复的任务,膝盖着地工作(地毯层、屋顶工、园丁) 治疗: 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素 冰敷 抽出多余液体 手术赠送精美图标1、字体安装与、字体安装与设设置置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意,可进行批量替换,一次性更改各页面字体。
1.在“开始”选项卡中,点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头,选择“替换字体”如下图)2.在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体如下图)3.在“替换为”下拉列表中选择替换字体4.点击“替换”按钮,完成262、替、替换换模板中的模板中的图图片片模板中的图片展示页面,您可以根据需要替换这些图片,下面介绍两种替换方法方法一:更改方法一:更改图图片片1.选中模版中的图片(有些图片与其他对象进行了组合,选择时一定要选中图片 本身,而不是组合)2.单击鼠标右键,选择“更改图片”,选择要替换的图片如下图)注意:注意:为防止替换图片发生变形,请使用与原图长宽比例相同的图片26PPT放映设置PPT放映场合不同,放映的要求也不同,下面将例举几种常用的放映设置方式让让PPT停止自停止自动动播放播放1. 单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡,去除“使用计时”选项即可让让PPT进进行循行循环环播放播放1.单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡中的“设置幻灯片放映”,在弹出对话框中勾选“循 环放映,按ESC键终止”27赠送精美图标1、字体安装与、字体安装与设设置置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意,可进行批量替换,一次性更改各页面字体1.在“开始”选项卡中,点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头,选择“替换字体”。
如下图)2.在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体如下图)3.在“替换为”下拉列表中选择替换字体4.点击“替换”按钮,完成292、替、替换换模板中的模板中的图图片片模板中的图片展示页面,您可以根据需要替换这些图片,下面介绍两种替换方法方法一:更改方法一:更改图图片片1.选中模版中的图片(有些图片与其他对象进行了组合,选择时一定要选中图片 本身,而不是组合)2.单击鼠标右键,选择“更改图片”,选择要替换的图片如下图)注意:注意:为防止替换图片发生变形,请使用与原图长宽比例相同的图片29PPT放映设置PPT放映场合不同,放映的要求也不同,下面将例举几种常用的放映设置方式让让PPT停止自停止自动动播放播放1. 单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡,去除“使用计时”选项即可让让PPT进进行循行循环环播放播放1.单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡中的“设置幻灯片放映”,在弹出对话框中勾选“循 环放映,按ESC键终止”。












