任务型写作之summary概括写法课件.ppt

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARYDefinition（定义） A summary is a short account/paragraph giving the main points of something longer or detailed. Summary 这是07年以来广东高考读写任务的新形式和新要求1）如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键2）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此许多文章中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词抓住了它便容易抓住文章的中心How to sum up a passage? 1. Recognize the style of the passage so as to choose the pattern to begin your summary. 2. Read through the passage as quick as you can and find the key sentences or key words. 3. Use your own words to summarize rather than use the original sentences directly copied from the passage.概括的写作步骤： 1. 确定主题句。

确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首没有主题句的需要自己组合2. 寻找关键词分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度3. 重构主题句概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量4. 重组支撑句支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻括：概括性见：间接引语短：短的连词细腻：细节和例子）Styles of passagesnarration 记叙文1argumentation 议论文2exposition 说明文3How to sum up a passage? Step1Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁） Functions（功能）Narration(记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文)show the writers point of viewExposition (说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenonTask 1: Please glance through the 3 given passages and recognize the styles of them. 概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 文体 主题句支撑句议论文文章论点（一句）文章论据（两三句）记叙文故事的写作目的/ 主题（一句）故事大意（两三句）说明文说明的对象/ 观点/ 现象解释/ 分述Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Models (议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板)点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(1) 记叙文概要模板夹叙夹议的记叙文 (1) 谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student. The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times. (2)结果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview. （3） 说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得0分；2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1分；3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得2分；4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。

广东高考概括部分评分细则How to find the key sentences or key words?文体关键句记叙文议论文说明文抓住who, what happened, 及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句How to sum up a passage? Step2The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句 写摘要时我们需要谨记下面的六种技巧： skill1: 省略细节 Skill2:避免重复 Skill3: 省略例子 Skill4: 用概括性的语言而不是精确的语言 Skill5:使用短而精的连词，如but, and, besides. Skill6:用间接引语表达对话内容误区警示：考生往往犯以下的错误：主题大意概括不清，抄袭原文或表达了自己的意见 这都会大大影响得分Task 2：Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.(1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法You will fail.You will _. not succeed(3)Change the part of speech词性转换法Patience is very important.Patience is _.of great importance(4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success.When _, children will achieve more success.which given more praise(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。

We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead of(6) Change the order of the words. 词序改变法The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success(7) Omit the details细节省略法Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead.(8) Make use of the meaning of a sentence句意理解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.Task 3: Write a summaryPassage 1关键词 、句 (1)the writer, an old man, fishing, experience, teach sb. a lesson, (2)The secret of success was patience. _had_with _who _.The writer a fishing experiencean old man taught him a lesson词序变化法Patience was the secret of success.(2)(1) 连词成句The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson. Patience was the secret of success.句式变化法The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson thatpatience was the secret of success.The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）.Key for Passage 1: The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man, who taught him a lesson. ( 35 words)Passage 3: 关键词、句(1) Internet shopping is a new way of shopping.(2) Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. (3) People can shop for a variety of things on the Internet. (4) common products, information products, service。