2021年12月英语四级新题型长篇阅读练习附答案解析第1期.docx

2021 年 12 月英语四级新题型长篇阅读练习附答案解析 第 1期改革后的大学英语四级阅读新增的题型， 是段落信息匹配题 篇章后附有 10 个句子，每句一题每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落 有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题Animals on the MoveA) It looked like a scene from “ Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through thewater, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum ofa clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark ’s skinpicked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine ofdeath. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the waterat a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back andforth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveB) In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a第 9 页 共 9 页dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food.They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate,and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to moveabout in just about any kind of environment.Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans fromdeep oceans to as far away as the moon.However, for other animals movementcameabout naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zeroin on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took adetailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharksswimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla.Movies were taken of the sharks ’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyC) The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal ’ s high efficiency in swimming throughthe water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross likethe inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxedor taut. Whenthe fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bowwhen pulled tight.When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.D) The Duke University biologists have found that thegreatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body whileswimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Muchpotential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy isreleased when the shark ’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal ’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth.This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.Source of EnergyE) What causes the fibers to store so much energy? Infinding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark ’ s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn ’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure,so, too, is the area just under the shark ’s collagen “ radials ”.Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.F) Whenthe shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the sharkis able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims thisway whenlooking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantasticinvoluntary changes take place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. Thisenergy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordG) Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles)an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that,like the shark, the animal ’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin ’ s skin is made up in such a way thatit offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it.Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through thewater, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flowis known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the mo。