苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法.doc

一、宾语从句概念：宾语从句：句子在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）I know Mr. Li .（代词作宾语）I’m surprised at meeting you here.(动名词作宾语)I’m glad to meet you here.(不定式作宾语)I’m surprised at what you have done(句子作宾语)I’m glad that I can meet you here.(句子作宾语)I like what I do. (句子作宾语）I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）二、 宾语从句三要素(1) 连接词 (2) 语序 (3)时态（一）宾语从句的连接词根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类1)that引导 (2)if/whether引导(3)连接代词 who whom whose what which 连接副词 when why where how一)that引导的宾语从句宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语，在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。

1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He says.He says_______ these flowers are from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells.He tells me _____ light travels faster than sound.3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesn’t know.Jack doesn’t know _____ there will be a meeting in five days.A．引导词本身的省略与不省略1．that可以省略连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略如： He says( that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员2．that不可以省略 (1)从句的主语是that时，that不省略如： We know that that is an interesting story. 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。

(2) that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that不能省略如：I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it．我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了，你就必须赔偿 (3)主、从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略如： It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important. 报纸上写着，英语正变得越来越重要B．何时使用that引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾语从句，表示陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来如： He says( that) he is listening to the weather report. 他说他正在听天气预报1． 主句的谓语动词是think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句如： I hope( that) he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。

2. 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接that引导的宾语从句这类形容词多表示感情，如happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid等等如： I'm afraid( that) he can't come．恐怕他不能来了二)if和whether引导的宾语从句1．何时使用if或whether引导的宾语从句 if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动、词ask，see，say，don’t know，wonder, doubt和find out等后面一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if如： Nobody knows whether( if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨1．Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know ______ they can speak French.2．Are the children playing games? I wonder.I wonder ______ the children are playing games.3.Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know _______ the watch was made in Shanghai.4. I wonder. Is there anything wrong?I wonder ______there is______wrong.2．if和whether的区别：(1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether。

如： I can't decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下2)在whether… or not的固定搭配中如： 1 want to know whether it's good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息3)在介词后，只能用whether如： His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作4)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether如：Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题5)用if会引起歧义时，只用whether如： Could you tell me if you know the answer?这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”如用whether可避免歧义1.They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)2. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)( )3. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )4. I want to know _______ it’s good news or not. A.that B.whether C. if D.which( )5.I am not interested in_____he is crazy about football. A.if B. that C. whether D. which三）由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略例： 1) He asked who could answer the question/which was the best way to the museum? 2) Do you know whom they are waiting for? 3) He asked whose bike was the best in the class 4) Do you know when we’ll have a meeting？ 5) Please tell me where he is? 6) Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 7) Could you tell me why the train is late.1．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows ______ _____ _____ you can see in the picture?2．Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _____ she parked her car?3．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _____ he often talked about.4．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 5. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）6. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）7. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）二、 语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。

根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：　　1）连接词＋谓语连接词在从句中作主语常见的连接词有： who，what，which等如：　　Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？　　The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？　　2）连接词＋名词＋谓语连接词在从句中作主语的定语常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等如：　　He asked whose handwriting was the 。