lesson7plot情节.doc

Lesson Seven Plot 第七课 情节 E.M. Forster E.M.福斯特New words sequence (n.) A number of things in or as if in line: series, chain, catena, course, order causality n. pl. causalities 1. The principle of or relationship between cause and effect. 2. A causal agency, force, or quality. preserve, keep overshadow (v.) To surpass in power, importance, or influence: predominate, dominate, govern, loom large, prevail Underline the keywords 1 Let us define a plot. We have defined a story as a narrative of events arranged in their time-sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality. "The king died and then the queen dies," is a story. "The king dies, and then the queen died of grief," is a plot. The time-sequence is preserved, but the sense of causality overshadows it. 译文 让我们给情节 下一个定义，我们已经把故事定义为按时间叙事。

情节也是叙事，只是重点放在因果关系上国王死了后来王后死了”，是故事 “国王死了，而王后因悲痛国王而死”，是情节时间顺序没有变，但因果关系使它显得不重要了 没有变，译成被保存不好 显得不重要，译成在阴影下不好 New words suspend v. pause, hesitate, interrupt, delay, hold up, discontinue, break, wait, mark time, intermit, falter, rest: He suspend for a moment to allow late-comers to take their seats. Underline the keywords Or again; "The queen died, no one knew why, until it was discovered that it was through grief at the death of the king." This is a plot with a mystery in it, a form capable of high development. It suspends the time sequence, it moves as far away from the story as its limitations will allow. Consider the death of the queen. If it is in a story we say "and then?" If it is in a plot we ask "why?" That is the fundamental difference between these two aspects of the novel. 译文 或者说，“王后死了，没人知道为什么。

直到最后人们才发现，是死于对国王驾崩的哀痛这是一个富有神秘色彩的情节，是一个能够向纵深发展的形式它暂时不考虑时间顺序，把它悬了起来它在故事允许的范围内，远离了故事情节看看王后的死如果是故事，我们说，“后来呢？” 如果是情节，我们问，“为什么？”这是小说的两个方面的根本区别 New words gaping Deep and wide open: a gaping wound; a gaping hole. cave 山洞 A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth with an opening to the surface. Sultan 苏丹 A ruler of a Moslem country, especially of the former Ottoman Empire. Underline the keywords A plot cannot be told to a gaping audience of cave men or to a tyrannicalsultan or to their modern descendant the movie-public. They can onlybe kept awake by "and then — and then." they can only supply curiosity. But a plot demands intelligence and memory also. 译文 情节不能对那些只知道傻呆呆咧大嘴的原始穴居人讲，也不能给专制的君主苏丹讲，还不能讲给他们的后代，即那些现代影迷们听。

因为这些人只知道问，“后来呢，后来呢？”否则他们就会打瞌睡他们只有好奇心然而，读情节需要理解力和记忆力 傻呆呆 原始穴居人 否则他们就会打瞌睡 Analysis of the text Story is narrative of events in their time-sequence. It asks “and then?” For example: the king died, and then the queen died. Plot is narrative of events with emphasis on causality. It has a mystery in it. It asks “why?” For example, the queen died, nobody knows why….” Cave men, sultan and modern movie public who can only supply curiosity cannot understand the plot because a plot demands intelligence and memory. New words sag 耷拉 To sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight. bulge 突出 To stick out; protrude Underline the keywords 2 Curiosity is one of the lowest of the human faculties. You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom. The man who begins by asking you how many brothers and sisters you have, is never asympathetic character, and if you meet him in a year's time he will probably ask you how many brothers and sisters you have, his mouth again sagging open, his eyes still bulging from his head. Analysis of the text 译文 好奇心是人类最低的一种能力。

你会注意到在日常生活中，那些好奇的人，通常记忆力都很坏他们蠢到了底张口就问你有几个兄弟姐妹的人，永远不是富有同情心的人如果你一年以后再碰到他，他还是会问你，你有几个兄弟姐妹他问你的时候,还是（象一年前一样）嘴张得大大的，眼睛鼓得圆圆的 New words Underline the keywords It is difficult to be friends with such a man, and for two inquisitive people to be friends must be impossible. Curiosity by itself takes us a very little way, nor does it take us far into the novel — only as far as the story. If we would grasp the plot we must add intelligence and memory. 译文 和这样的人交朋友是很困难的两个好奇的人几乎根本不能成为朋友好奇只能使人对事物有肤浅的了解，对小说的理解也深不了，只是听听故事而已。

如果我们想抓住情节，我们就要有理解力和记忆力 précis Curiosity is the lowest human faculty. It takes us little way, not far into the novel. Inquisitive people have bad memory, and are stupid and not sympathetic, not sociable. Underline the keywords 3 Intelligence first. The intelligent novel-reader, unlike the inquisitive one who just runs his eye over a new fact, mentally picks it up. He sees it from two points of view; isolated, and related to the other facts that he has read on previous pages. Probably he does not understand it, but he does not expect to so yet awhile. The facts in a highly organized novel (like The Egoist) are often of the nature of cross-correspondences and the ideal spectator cannot expect to view them properly until he is sitting up on a hill at the end. 译文 先说理解力。

聪明的读者,不象好奇的人，他不只是扫一眼新的事实，而是记住它他从二方面看它一方面，它是孤立的；另一方面,它又和从前几页看到的事实有联系现在他可能还不理解它，而且也不企图马上就会理解它在一个组织得很好的小说(如《自私自利的人》)中，事实多半是相互交叉的理想的读者不期望在最后达到高潮前理解它。