
一些简单弄错的美语.docx
5页一些简单弄错的美语下面一些用语或口语,在字眼上,颇有相像之处,但在意义和用法上,却有不同运用时要特殊当心,以免出错 son of a gun 与 son of a bitch: son of a gun 是对好友表示一种惊异的口语(an interjection or an exclamation of surprise between very good friends),有点像「坏蛋」、「家伙」的味道 但 son of a bitch(或 SOB)是美国人极为严峻的骂人话(curse word),千万不行乱用,以免闹事因为这不但意味这位 son 没有确定的父亲,同时母亲也是缺乏道德和贞操(less virtuous) 例如: * I have not seen you for a long time;you (are)son of a gun!(你这坏蛋啊,我好久不见你了!) * After the two men called each other"son of a bitch"(SOB),they started a fight.(这两位男子互骂SOB後,就动起武来。
至於 son of a gun 的来由,据说从前女人可以住在海军船上服务结果一位女人生下孩子时,不知父亲是谁,於是船上的人,就以「gun」做为孩子的 paternity,孩子也就被称为「son of a gun」虽然只用在好友中,但有时也真有坏蛋的意思(evil person or a rogue)所以不是恭维语(complimentary word),除非真正好友,少用为妙 at large 与 by and large: at large 当形容词,最常用的意思是指嫌犯脱逃,逍遥法外(escape,referring to criminal before arrest)而 by and large 当副词用,意思是一般而言(generally speaking on the whole) 例如: * The murder suspect is still at large. (凶手仍旧逍遥法外) * By and large, I feel(that)the new proposal is sensible.(大体来说,我认为新的建议是很切合实际的。
* By and large, most people will care about their weight. (一般而言,很多人关切他们的体重) 然而,有时 at large 也有「一般」(in general)的意思 例如: * The Chinese people at large are peace-loving. (一般中国人是爱好和平的) Here you go 与 Here you go again: Here you go 是指给别人东西时说:「这就是你要的」(=Here is what you want);有时也表示同意对方的看法(= you are right);有时又与 there you go 互用 * The cashier said, "Here you go!"when she gave me the change. (当收款员找我零钱时,她说:「这就是!」) 但是 Here you(或 we)go again 意思是「你又旧事重提了」,表示对一件事情多次重复的厌烦feel annoyed when something is repeated over and over again)。
例如: * When he brought up the same issue to me, I said, "Here you go again!"(当他向我提出同样的问题时,我说:「又是老话题了!」) 至於"Here goes"又是指说话者起先做某事时说:「起先了」例如: *"Here goes!", shouted the racer as he started running.(当赛跑者起先跑步时,喊著「我就起先了!」) to marry (someone)与 to be married to(someone): marry 当做及物动词时,多用主动语态(active voice) 例如: * She married a man ten years younger(或older) (她嫁给一位比她小或大十岁的男人) = She married a man ten years her junior(或senior) 但是 marry 用在被动语态时(passive voice),後面要用介系词 to. 例如: * She is(was)married to a man ten years younger(older)。
= She is (was)married to a man ten years her junior(senior)假如用 is,指目前还是夫妻,如用 was,可能已经不是夫妻了) 然而,在 married 後面用介系词 by 时,又有「牧师证婚」的意思 例如: * She was married by a man ten years younger. (是指为她证婚的牧师,比她小十岁 * She was married by my father.(为他证婚的牧师是我老爸因为牧师证婚已成过去,所以要用过去式 was.) near 与 near by: near 是介系词(preposition)通常後面跟受词(object),但是 near by(或 nearby)当形容词(adjective)意思是指「旁边」(=close),只指某一地方(somewhere),没有特定地点(no specific location) 例如: * The school is near the railway station. (学校在火车站旁边。
* The post office and library are near by. (邮局和图书馆都在旁边 可见 near by(或 nearby)通常後面不加受词,不然就显得 awkward 了所以很少人说: * I ate at a near restaurant. 不过可以说: * I ate at a nearby restaurant.; 或 * The restaurant where I ate is nearby.(不过也有老外用 near) school is open 与 the school is open: school is open (或 schools are open) 是指「学校开学」(classes are in session),这里的 open 是形容词,school 前面不加冠词 the,意味整个中小学的 school system.但是 the school is open,多指学校的建筑物开放著,但没有学生上课 同理:He goes to school. 是指他去上学读书受教化,而 He goes to the school. 又指他去学校的建筑物(看挚友、参观等)。
至於 School is closed.(或 Schools are closed.) 是指「学校停课」,前面也不加 the. 留意:close 当形容词时,也有「旁边」(nearby) 或「友善」(friendly) 的意思 例如: * The school is close(=nearby)学校在旁边 * That is a close neighborhood.(那是一个友善的住宅区),而 The school is opened at 8 a.m.; 或 * The school is closed at 5 p.m.(都是指学校的建筑物开放或关闭的时间 但是 The store is open. 是指店铺在营业中(= Business is going on.),而 The store is closed. 又是指店铺短暂不营业 假如店铺是永久性的「关门大吉」,就应当说: * The store was closed down. (permanently) 不过 closed 当形容词时,又有「保守」(conservative)或受某种「限制」(restricted)的意思。
例如: * This is a closed community.(这是一个保守的社区由於宗教信仰等缘由,美国有的社区不欢迎外来的人 本文来源:网络收集与整理,如有侵权,请联系作者删除,谢谢!第5页 共5页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页。
