广东语法填空题型分析与解题技巧.ppt

广东省广东省20122012年高考英语语法填空年高考英语语法填空Rational ClozeRational Cloze高三英语组集体备课高三英语组集体备课ppt. 思考：思考：一、广东省一、广东省20122012年高考英语语法年高考英语语法填空题填空题怎样考怎样考？？二、广东省二、广东省20122012年高考英语语法年高考英语语法填空题填空题考什么考什么？？三、三、如何解题如何解题？？如何备考如何备考? ?Example Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play ____31____game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, ____32____ team will get the most points and all the ___33____eleven teams will get _____34_____ points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face._____35_____ that team and that school must do is admit that it ____36____(lose).The only intelligent reaction ____37_____ defeat must be : next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote ____38____ to a stricter course of training under competent instructors. Lessons ______39____ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more _____40____(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities and, especially, in the student council.Keys: Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play 1 _____game, one team must lose. [If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, 2 ______team will get the most points and all the 3_______eleven teams will get 4______ points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face.] [5______ that team and that school must do is admit that it 6______(lose).]aoneotherfewerWhatlost文意的贯通文意的贯通1. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, one team will get the most points and all the other eleven teams will get fewer points. 分析句子分析句子 5_______ that team and that school must do is admit that it 6______ (lose).通过分析句子结构，知道空格通过分析句子结构，知道空格5题所在的是题所在的是个个主语从句主语从句，它应该是个做，它应该是个做do的的宾语宾语；；又通过分析句子结构，知道空格又通过分析句子结构，知道空格6题所在的题所在的句子是个句子是个宾语从句宾语从句，动词，动词lose在句中做在句中做谓语谓语。

Whatlost The only intelligent reaction 7______ defeat must be : next year we will do our best to come out on top, [because from now on our team will devote 8______ to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.] [ Lessons 9________ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.] [ But even more 10 ___________(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school]: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities and, especially, in the student council.toitselflearnedvaluable文意的贯通文意的贯通2….because from now on our team will devote itself to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.分析句子分析句子 Lessons 9_______(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 通过分析句子，知道动词通过分析句子，知道动词learn在在句子中句子中 不做谓语不做谓语 ，而做，而做定语定语，，它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语lessons是是被动关被动关系系，因此应当用，因此应当用过去分词形式过去分词形式。

learned分析句子分析句子 But even more 10_________(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: …通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其正常的句序是：正常的句序是：But the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school are more________: …,因此，空格因此，空格10题在句子中做题在句子中做“are”的表语，的表语，用用形容词形容词valuable解题过程中的几个关键问题：解题过程中的几个关键问题：问题一：问题一： 如何把握语篇特征，整体理解文章主旨？如何把握语篇特征，整体理解文章主旨？分析篇章结构分析篇章结构1、文章、文章体裁体裁2、文章的、文章的话题话题 3、篇章结构：、篇章结构：段落层次段落层次及及主题句主题句5、、中心大意（内容）中心大意（内容）分析篇章分析篇章:文章的中心大意文章的中心大意　　文意的理解直接影响你的填词的决定文意的理解直接影响你的填词的决定１１. 文段中谈及的文段中谈及的要点要点，发生的，发生的时间、时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等地点、原因、人物及其关系等２２. 要通过要通过字里行间的意思字里行间的意思推断作者的推断作者的观点、意图和立场，例如，观点、意图和立场，例如，作者同意作者同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么么，主张什么等等。

等等解题过程中的几个关键问题解题过程中的几个关键问题问题二：问题二： 如何正确运用所学到的语法知识？如何正确运用所学到的语法知识？分析句子结构分析句子结构请看例题中的句子：请看例题中的句子： __5___ that team and that school must do is to admit that it __6__ (lose).通过分析句子结构，知道空格通过分析句子结构，知道空格5题所在的是题所在的是个个主语从句主语从句，它应该是个做，它应该是个做do的的宾语宾语；；又通过分析句子结构，知道空格又通过分析句子结构，知道空格6题所在的题所在的句子是个句子是个宾语从句宾语从句，动词，动词lose在句中做在句中做谓语谓语请看例题中的句子请看例题中的句子 Lessons ____9___(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 通过分析句子，知道动词通过分析句子，知道动词learn在在句子中句子中 不做谓语不做谓语 ，而做，而做定语定语，，它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语lessons是是被动关被动关系系，因此应当用，因此应当用过去分词形式过去分词形式。

请看例题中的句子请看例题中的句子 But even more ____10____(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: …通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其正常的通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其正常的句序是：句序是：But the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school are more________: …,因此，因此，空格空格10题在句子中做题在句子中做“are”的表语，用的表语，用形容词形容词英语句型结构：英语句型结构：(1)主语主语+谓语谓语(+宾语宾语+宾补宾补)(2)主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语充当各个句子成分的典型词类充当各个句子成分的典型词类(1)充当充当主语主语或或宾语宾语的典型词类是：的典型词类是： (2)充当充当谓语谓语的一定是：的一定是： (3)充当充当补语或表语补语或表语的典型词类是：的典型词类是： (4)在名词前作在名词前作定语定语的典型词类是：的典型词类是： (5)作作状语状语的典型词类是：的典型词类是： 名词名词或或代词代词。

此外，还有此外，还有动名词动名词、、不定式短语不定式短语等等动词动词形容词形容词 形容词或形形容词或形容词性物主代词容词性物主代词副词副词并列句和复合句并列句和复合句并列句：并列句：简单句＋简单句＋并列连词并列连词＋简单句＋简单句复合句：复合句：主句（主＋谓＋宾）＋主句（主＋谓＋宾）＋从句从句（（连接词连接词＋主＋谓）＋主＋谓）两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整构就不完整连词主要有以下四类：连词主要有以下四类：(1)并列句：并列句：用用and, but, or, while (而，却而，却), when(就在这个就在这个时候时候)等等(2)状语从句：状语从句： (3)定语从句：定语从句： (4)名词从句：名词从句： 用用if, unless, before, after, until, although, though, as, since, because, so, so that等等 用用who, which, that, when, where, why等等用用that, if /whether(是否是否), wh-等等解题过程中的几个关键问题解题过程中的几个关键问题问题三：问题三： 如何保证全文语意的贯通如何保证全文语意的贯通? 学习例题中的语意的贯通学习例题中的语意的贯通请朗读例题一遍，学习例题中的语意的贯通。

请朗读例题一遍，学习例题中的语意的贯通1. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, one team will get the most points and all the other eleven teams will get fewer points. 2….because from now on our team will devote itself to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.保证全文语意的贯通保证全文语意的贯通一、注意一、注意词汇的复现关系词汇的复现关系：指某一个：指某一个词以词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词词、上义词、下义词等出现在语篇等出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系得以相互衔接系得以相互衔接例如：例如： People establish new companies to make and serve goods because they want to make a 1_______.They work to improve their goods and services , to devise new products and to make a profit. A product must be something that 2________ will choose to buy. This gives the consumers some power. Whatever they are willing and able to buy is called demand. 3_______is made and offered for sale is called supply. The demand for a product or service always affects the 4______ of that product or service. For example, 5____ consumers buy only small cars, car-makers will keep on making them. If consumers buy large 6 _______, car-makers will make these instead. Sometimes, the quality of the service that is available will decide which cars are bought.profitconsumerswhateversupplyifcars/ onesKeys :–1.profit,和下文重现。

和下文重现–2.consumers, 和下文重现和下文重现.–3.whatever, 和上文重现和上文重现,构成并列结构成并列结构–4.supply, 和上文重现和上文重现–5.if, 和下文重现，构成并列结构和下文重现，构成并列结构–6.cars 或或 ones，和上文重现和上文重现保证全文语意的贯通保证全文语意的贯通二二 、、注意注意词汇的同现关系词汇的同现关系：指词汇共同出现：指词汇共同出现的倾向如：的倾向如：1．．Some people prefer to live in the city, _____like to live in the countryside. 此处应该填此处应该填others,二者总是同时出现二者总是同时出现2．．Human brains have two sides, the _____ side and the right one. 此处应该填此处应该填left.根据上下文，大脑分为两根据上下文，大脑分为两边，下文为右边，上文应为左边，左和右边，下文为右边，上文应为左边，左和右同现保证全文语意的贯通保证全文语意的贯通三、注意三、注意句子之间的逻辑关系句子之间的逻辑关系。

1、表示、表示列举列举的连词的连词 ：：firstly, secondly, thirdly…; one , two , three…; for one thing…for another…; in the first place…in the second place ; to begin with, then, finally, .2、表示、表示递进递进的连词：的连词：again, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, above all, in particular, equally，，likewise, in the same way, worse still, etc.表示表示总结总结的连词的连词： altogether, overall, then, therefore, thus, all in all, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, etc..表示表示解释解释的连词：的连词： namely, especially, for example, for instance, in other words, that is, that is to say, etc.表示表示对比对比的连词的连词： actually, rather, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, etc.表示表示原因原因的连词的连词： because, for, since, as, now that, considering that, in that etc表示表示结果结果的连词：的连词： accordingly, consequently, hence, so ,thus, therefore, as a result, as a consequence etc.表示表示转折或让步转折或让步的连词的连词 anyhow，， anyway , however, nevertheless ，，though, although, as, yet, etc. 小结小结1：：怎样考？1.语法填空的设题一般是一篇语法填空的设题一般是一篇150150词左右词左右的文的文段，空出段，空出1010个空格（个空格（ 其中，其中，7- -8个自由填空个自由填空 ，，2-3个提示性填空个提示性填空 ））2.2.该题共该题共1010小题，小题，每小题每小题1.51.5分分，满分，满分1515分。

分3.3.要求根据上下文意思填入恰当的具一定语法要求根据上下文意思填入恰当的具一定语法功能的词功能的词和词形变换两个方面和词形变换两个方面不限定一个不限定一个词 小结小结2：：考什么？考查目标：考查目标： 它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况的掌握情况该题不仅考查语言知识的记忆与再现，该题不仅考查语言知识的记忆与再现，更重要的是考查学生更重要的是考查学生在语篇层面上对在语篇层面上对语言知识的运用能力语言知识的运用能力小结小结3 3：：如何解题如何解题? ?解题四步口诀：解题四步口诀：一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通总结：如何备考？备考策略备考策略l夯实语言、语法知识夯实语言、语法知识基础基础l 强化强化句子、篇章结构分析句子、篇章结构分析能力能力l提高语言提高语言综合运用综合运用水平水平l加强加强文意贯通文意贯通能力能力Attention 不要花大量的时间去钻难题、不要花大量的时间去钻难题、偏题和怪题，而要牢牢掌握最常用偏题和怪题，而要牢牢掌握最常用的语法要点，达到运用自如。

的语法要点，达到运用自如2012年语法填空题考高分的同学将不是年语法填空题考高分的同学将不是经常钻难题的同学，而是能够熟练经常钻难题的同学，而是能够熟练和准确地应用和准确地应用基础语法基础语法的同学，减的同学，减少基础题的失误就能拿高分少基础题的失误就能拿高分尝试命题尝试命题 语法填空语法填空中的中的考点：考点： 语法填空主要考查语法填空主要考查动词、非谓语动动词、非谓语动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词，词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词，形容词形容词、副词、还有可能考习惯用语、、副词、还有可能考习惯用语、特殊句型等特殊句型等考点分布考点分布 考点考点数量数量动词动词(谓语谓语/非谓语非谓语)名词名词连词连词(从属连词从属连词/并列连词并列连词)介词介词代词代词冠词冠词形容词形容词副词副词 请用刚刚总结的考点请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题进行语法填空的命题 More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.  More than 220 people were killed in the fire ___1_____ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months ___2_____ the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 ___3____ of the office building were completely destroyed. __4____ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke 5__ on the 11th floor. 6___ knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an ___7___(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8___ it was impossible to control __9__ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above 10___(escape). One possible version  More than 220 people were killed in the fire ________ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months ________ the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 _______ of the office building were completely destroyed. ______ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.which/thatbeforefloorsThe Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke _____ on the 11th floor. _______________ knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an __________ (electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, ____ it was impossible to control ____ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _________ (escape). outNo one/Nobodyelectricalbutitto escape考点分布考点分布 考点考点数量数量动词动词(谓语谓语/非谓语非谓语)1名词名词1连词连词(从属连词从属连词/并列连词并列连词)2介词介词1代词代词2冠词冠词1形容词形容词1副词副词1Homework1)Grammar items revision.2)Do more exercises.。