语法课件Unit4.ppt

Period 3Studying the –ing form as the attribute and the adverbialRead and discoverV-ing form used as attribute•Georgei’s moving hand• another student and I , representing our university’s students association•the waiting area•Tiny’s Garcia’s smiling face 现在分词作定语，当分词现在分词作定语，当分词单独单独做定语时，放在所修做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前饰的名词前, ,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征说明其修饰名词的性质或特征, ,表示供表示供作作......之用之用”和和......的的”. .现在分词作定语现在分词作定语A waiting area (an area used for waiting )drinking waterwater for drinking working peoplethe rising sunconclusion动词动词 -ing 形式是形式是短语，短语，应应放在所修饰的名词后，放在所修饰的名词后， 是单个是单个的词，则放在所修饰的名词的前面。

相当于一个定语从句的词，则放在所修饰的名词的前面相当于一个定语从句another student and I , representing our university’s students associationWho represent our university’s…Garcia’s smiling face. the face which is smilingGeorge’s moving handGeorge’s hand which is moving•…enter the waiting area looking around curiously…•…stood for a minute watching them… •She stepped back appearing surprised …•Then Akira… came in smiling…•When Darlene … dashing through the door•Express their feelings using unspoken “language”V-ing used as adverbial现在分词作状语现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。

的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语但要注意它地各种形式变化：但要注意它地各种形式变化： 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式coclusionEg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室听见和进入两个动作同时始走进教室听见和进入两个动作同时发生）发生）Having done the work, he went home. 完成完成了工作，他就回家了了工作，他就回家了现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的个句子，表示动作发生的原因原因、、时间时间、、方式方式、、结果结果、、条件条件、、伴随状况伴随状况等现在分词等现在分词一般不一般不用作表目的地状语用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。

状语）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1））表时间状语表时间状语作时间状语时作时间状语时, 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留when, while2) 表原因状语表原因状语Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(=as/because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.））既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。

由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个主语的一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或，或是是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明充说明Eg. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking aroud curiously.(= I saw several young people enter the waiting and looked around curiously.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室他们笑着谈着走进了教室 , they went into the classroom.Laughing and talkingShe stepped back appearing surprised(= She stepped back and appeared surprised)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling(= Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in and smiled )4) 表结果表结果Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。

欢迎地歌曲The song is sung all over the country,__________________________________.making it the most popular songThe child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.5)表条件表条件Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子 you will see a white house.Walking ahead1.1.与逻辑主语构成独立主格：与逻辑主语构成独立主格：　　I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．．　　我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上　　All the tickets sold out, they went away disappointedly. . 　　所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了　　The two parties should first reach an The two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principle , agreement on the basic principle , the the details to be worked out laterdetails to be worked out later　　两党应就基本原则先达成协议，细节以后在制定attention2.2.有时也可用有时也可用with (without) + +名词（代词宾格）名词（代词宾格）+ +分词形式分词形式　　With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯他点着灯睡着了3.3.作独立成分：作独立成分：　　Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 　　从外表看，他一定是个演员从外表看，他一定是个演员 Grammar work 语法专练语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。

用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Not ________(know) his address, I couldn’t go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _______(cross) the street.3. Not _________________ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4. He dived into the water, ______ (leave) only his face exposed.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _______ (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”6. _______ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.7. ____________ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed Grammar quiz 语法小测语法小测 1. When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having comparedC2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said A3. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait C5. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran B 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmakingHomework:Finish the Ex. 2&3on page 29。