在交流中让意义再生.doc

4.4在交流中让意义再生Let Meaning Rebirth in Exchange4.4.1 对意义再生之可能性的探讨The possibility of meaning rebirth4.4.1.1交流的社会性 The sociality in exchange 对意义进行区分，对翻译者来说是非常重要的，其重要作用之一便是加深对意义的认识，从理论上去把握意义的种种特征继而区分处于不同层次的意义有关意义的难题也出现了：如何确定原文的意义？当原文呈多义且比较含混时，是否有必要在翻译中让意义明确化？当原文除了字面意义以外，还有言外之意，如何处理？对于这些问题，我们可以从理论和实践两个方面进行探索To distinguish meaning is very important for translators, one of the important function is the increasing recognition of the meaning. Try to grasp the significance of various features theoretically, in this way meaning can be distinguished into different levels.Prolems about meaning also arose: how to define the meaning of the original text? When the original is ambiguity, is it necessary to make clear the meaning in the translation? When the original besides literal meaning also has overtones, how to deal with it? To solve these questions, we can explore from both theory and practice aspects.理论层面：First let’s talk about the theory levelHere we have some great linguists, who have given some theoretical basis about the possibility of translation. They are Leonard Bloomfield, Antoine Meillet, Colin Cherry. And the most important one is Bloomfield.布隆菲尔德 列昂纳德·布龙菲尔德(Leonard Bloomfield,1887-1949)是美国描写语言学派的奠基人。

他在美国语言学界的地位,相当于索绪尔(Ferdinand de Saussure,1857-1913)在欧洲语言学界的地位He is the founder of descriptive Linguistics school in United States. His status in the field of linguistics in America and equals to Ferdinand de Saussure’s status in the field of linguistics.布龙菲尔德: 认为一个语言陈述的意义就是“讲话者发出这一陈述的环境以及这一陈述从听话者身上引起的行为——反应”Bloomfield: believe that a language statement meaning is "the environment of the speaker send out this statement, and the behavior of the listener, which was caused by the statement -- reaction."人类借助语言进行交流要得以实现，首要的前提便是每一个语言形式应该有一种特定的、恒定的意义。

此假说可以这样提出：在某些共同体内（语言共同体），有一些语言陈述，就其形式与意义而言，是同一的Humans using language to communicate, the most important thing is that every language should have a specific, constant meaning. This hypothesis can be put forward as: in some common system (language community), some of the language statement, in terms of its form and meaning, is the same.实践层面：And let’s see the practical level事实上，人类借助语言进行交流是一项无法否认的行为，这种交流的可能性在很大程度上也正是建立在交流的社会性上的，所以布龙菲尔德在提出他的假设时，也就隐含地表示了他的一种取向和观点：交流的社会性或社会的实践以各种方式保证每一个语言形式所特有的、也是相对而言的恒定性和特殊性，同时承认了这种手段的合法性。

布龙菲尔德通过引入交流的社会性观点，在理论上又为交流的进行提供了可能性Actually, human using language for exchange is a certain action, the possibilities of this exchange to a large extent is based on the sociality in exchange. Therefore, when Bloomfield put forward his hypothesis, it also implied his orientation and views: exchange of sociality or social practice using various ways to guarantee each language forms be unique, and is relatively constant and particular, meanwhile acknowledged this means of legitimacy. Bloomfield via introducing sociality in exchange, also offers the possibility for the exchange in theory.4.4.1.2“意义即用法”Meaning is usage维特根斯坦 Ludwig Wittgenstein, 意义即用法。

《哲学研究》Philosophical Investigations, 进行描述：“在大多数使用了‘意义’一词的情况下——尽管不是全部——我们可以这样解释：一个词的意义是它在语言中的用法把词的意义定义为它在语言中的用法，这一思想显然与语言的意义确定论是针锋相对的他还说过：“每个符号的身躯似乎是死的是什么给了它生命？——他在使用中才是活的正是在这个意义上，一方面在历史发展中，词语的生命也在不断发生着变化；另一方面，在同一个历史时期，人们再不同的环境中使用着它们，赋予了它们鲜活的生命词语意义就这样与使用环境和使用者紧紧地结合在一起而词语一旦不被使用，就不可能产生期意义，因为它的生命之源已经被切断Described: "Most of the time of using ' meaning ' – though not all – we can explain as: the meaning of a word is its usage in the language.” Define the meaning of a word as its usage in language, this idea is obviously a tit-for-tat on the meaning of language determined. He also said that, "each symbol's body appeared to have been dead. What gaves it life?—When it is in use. ” In this sense, on one hand, in historical development word is constantly changing; Meanwhile, in the same period, people using them in different environments, thus giving them new meanings. In this way, word meaning and using environment and users band together tightly. when words not being used, it has no meaning, because the source of life of it is has been cut off.在一个具体的文本中，理解词句的意义不能离开其上下文与语境，而要把握整个文本的意义，则又不能机械地将词句的意义进行简单的相加。

In a specific text, understanding the meaning of words cannot leave the contexts and language environment, and if you want to grasp the meaning of the text as a whole, the meaning of words can not be simply added together.萨特对语言、词句与意义的关系作过精辟的论述：“排列在一本书里的十万个词尽可以逐个被人读过去，而作品的意义却没有从中涌现出来；意义不是字句的总和，它是后者的有机整体Sartre has made a brilliant discuss of the relationship of language, words and meaning: "100,000 word in a book can be read one by one, but the significance of the work can not emerge from it; Meaning is not sum of words, it is the the organic whole of latter. ”从翻译的角度理解维特根斯坦和萨特的意义观，我们至少可以明白如下两点：一是原文的词句的意义不是死的，要在语境中去加以理解；二是要特别重视作品意义的整体性，即萨特所说的“有机整体”，在理论上则要求翻译者不能机械地进行词句的转换、而应着力于其有机的结合。

From the perspective of translation to understand Wittgenstein and Sartre's view of meaning, we can at least see the following two points: one is the original meaning of th。