非谓语动词作状语的用法.doc

分考点 1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车Point 2 作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。

结果发现他出去了表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了Point 3 作原因状语常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴I was surprised to find him here.发现他在这里我很开心特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。

分考点2 分词作状语形式意义Doing主动，进行Having doing主动，完成Done被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态Being done被动，进行，意为“正在被做”Having been done被动，完成Point 1 作时间状语，常用在when， while，before，since，as引导的原因状语从句中He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast).他边吃早饭边看报纸When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public.这条路在竣工后会正式通车Point 2 作原因状语，相当于because，since，as 引导的原因状语从句Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about.= Because he didn’t understand this,he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。

Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁Point 3 作条件状语，相当于if， unless引导的条件状语从句Working hard, you’ll succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.如果努力学习，你会成功的Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work.如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作Point 4 作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thusTheir car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。

特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语Point 5 作方式或伴随状语He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生伴随状语）Point 6 作让步状语，相当于though， although， even if等引导的让不状语从句Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰Lacking of money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱买了。

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误分考点 3 独立成分作状语Point 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分常见的有：独立成分含义Generally speaking一般来说Frankly/ honestly speaking坦白地/老实说Judging from/ by...根据...来判断Considering.../taking...into consideration/ account考虑到...To tell you the truth说实话Seeing...考虑到....Supposing/ suppose (that)假如...Provided/ providing (that)...假如...Given...考虑到....Assuming...假使...Compared to/with与...相比Judging from his accent, he is from the South.从口音上判断，他是南方人。

Considering your health, you’d better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下To tell you the truth, I’m a little tired.说实话，我有点累分考点 4 独立主格结构作状语Point 1 独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成：含义：（1）独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同2） 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系3） 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开构成：（with/without）+n./ pron.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/ 介词短语Point 2 名词/代词+非谓语动词Weather permitting, we will go swimming.如果天气允许，我们就去游泳Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考虑在内的话，这项计划还算不错Point 3 with/ without +名词/代词+宾语补足语With all lights turned on, the building looks more beautiful.灯全亮的时候，大楼显得更婆罗门了。

He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head.他双手放在头下，躺在那儿思考考点23 非谓语动词作定语的用法分考点1 不定式作定语Point 1 不定式作定语表示将来的动作I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要Point 2 不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭I have no room to live in. 我没有房子住He has no pan to write with. 他没有钢笔写字Point 3 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all， any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到达学校，最后一个离校。

Point 4 被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？。