传统中药与西药对比的英文论文.doc

课程名称： 姓名： 课程代码： 学号：任课教师：What is the major difference between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine?【Abstract】 Because of the globalization, the comparison between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine have been attracted far more attentions than before. As one of the aspects of intercultural communication, this paper focuses on two major points, i.e. the different two concepts, the treatments or their prescriptions. They will be given a brief introduction in this paper so that after reading this paper people in different cultural backgrounds will know more about the difference between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and be more convenient to communicate. 【Key words】Concepts Treatments Prescriptions Attitudes Communication Different cultural backgrounds1. Differences between Two ConceptsFrom this table, we may get some explanations of why are traditional Chinese and westerners so different to treat disease.1.1The Concepts of Traditional Chinese MedicineIn general, disease is perceived as a disharmony (or imbalance) in the functions or interactions of yin, yang, qi, xuĕ, zàng-fǔ, meridians etc, or of the interaction between the human body and the environment.[1]Therapy is based on which "pattern of disharmony" can be identified. Thus, "pattern discrimination" is the most important step in TCM diagnosis. It is also known to be the most difficult aspect of practicing TCM. In order to determine which pattern is at hand, practitioners will examine things like the color and shape of the tongue, the relative strength of pulse-points, the smell of the breath, the quality of breathing or the sound of the voice. [2] For example, depending on tongue and pulse conditions, a TCM practitioner might diagnose bleeding from the mouth and nose as: "Liver fire rushes upwards and scorches the Lung, injuring the blood vessels and giving rise to reckless pouring of blood from the mouth and nose."[3] He might then go on to prescribe treatments designed to clear heat or supplement the lung.1.2 The Concepts of Western Medicine课程名称： 姓名： 课程代码： 学号：任课教师：In western medicine, the clinical practice is thought highly of. Doctors personally assess patients in order to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using clinical judgment. The doctor-patient relationship typically begins an interaction with an examination of the patient's medical history and medical record, followed a medical interview[4] and a physical examination. Basic diagnostic medical devices (e.g. stethoscope, tongue depressor) are typically used. After examination for signs and interviewing for symptoms, the doctor may order medical tests (e.g. blood tests), take a biopsy, or prescribe pharmaceutical drugs or other therapies. Differential diagnosis methods help to rule out conditions based on the information provided. During the encounter, properly informing the patient of all relevant facts is an important part of the relationship and the development of trust. The medical encounter is then documented in the medical record, which is a legal document in many jurisdictions.[5]2. Therapies of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineReferring to these concepts, I will put my emphases on two primary roots as follows, which have comparatively reflected two different therapies.2.1 Therapy of Traditional ChineseThe traditional Chinese medicine thought most diseases are aroused by “Six Excesses”(六淫, pinyin: liù yín, sometimes also translated as "Pathogenic Factors", or "Six Pernicious Influences"; with the alternative term of 六邪, pinyin: liù xié, - "Six Evils" or "Six Devils") are allegorical terms used to describe disharmony patterns displaying certain typical symptoms.[6] These symptoms resemble the effects of six climatic factors. In the allegory, these symptoms can occur because one or more of those climatic factors (called 六气, pinyin: liù qì, "the six qi") were able to invade the body surface and to proceed to the interior. This is sometimes used to draw causal relationships (i.e., prior exposure to wind/cold/etc. is identified as the cause of a disease), while other authors explicitly deny a direct cause-effect relationship between weather conditions and disease, pointing out that the Six Excesses are primarily descriptions of a certain combination of symptoms translated into a pattern of disharmony.[7]It is undisputed, though, that the Six Excesses can manifest inside the body without an external cause. In this case, they might be denoted "internal", e.g., "internal wind" or "internal fire (or heat)". The Six Excesses and their characteristic clinical signs are:1. Wind (风, pinyin: fēng ): Rapid onset of symptoms, wandering location of symptoms, itching, nasal congestion, "floating" pulse; tremor, paralysis, convulsion. 课程名称： 。