英语句子成分.doc

英语句子成分分析及练习一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语二）句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类 例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，名词短语或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English. 表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.定语 用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名, 副、分词（现、过），介短、句子We have eight lessons every day. 状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原因， 目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句 子He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。

宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！二、主语： 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、 不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示例如：1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词） 2.We often speak English in class. （代词） 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）5.Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） 6.The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）三、谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2） 由系动词加表语构成如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致四、表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短 语及表语从句表示例如： 1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词 ）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）注意：系动词（ 注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。

1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实"“变成”之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.五、宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

例如： 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词、动名词） 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （名词、数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词，名词） 5.He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）6.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如 Lend me your dictionary, please. 带To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday. 带For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.①下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如：He refused to lend me his bike. ②下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .③下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop, mean, try, remember,forget, regret等。

六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短 语和从句充当例如： 1.His father named him Dongming. （名词） 2.They painted their boat white. （形容词） 3.Let the fresh air in. （副词） 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.不定式短语） 5.We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）6.We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）（七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。

定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） 6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 动名词） （动名词） 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语） 8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons。